在设计一型大功率水下三柱塞海水往复泵过程中，需根据技术指标，通过理论设计计算海水泵的柱塞、配流阀、曲轴等关键零部件参数，并在仿真软件中建立三柱塞泵的整机模型，同时考虑柱塞间隙对流量的影响，通过仿真得出海水泵在不同工况下的输出流量、电机扭矩等特性。在完成实物样机研制后，逐步开展1000 r/min、10 MPa和500 r/min、20 MPa两个工况的陆上性能试验及压力筒环境下性能试验。仿真及试验结果表明，三柱塞海水往复泵的设计方法和设计结果合理准确，仿真模型及参数设置准确，仿真模型的流量、陆上试验结果、压力筒试验结果三者误差较小，为设备设计及其优化提供一定仿真基础，降低研发成本。
In the design process of a large-power underwater three-plunger seawater reciprocating pump, the key components such as plungers, valves, and crankshaft need to be designed and calculated based on technical indicators through theoretical design. The three-plunger pump model needs to be established in simulation software, and the influence of plunger clearance on flow needs to be considered. The output flow and motor torque characteristics under different operating conditions can be obtained through simulation. After the prototype has been completed, the 1000 r/min, 10 MPa and 500 r/min, 20 MPa two operating conditions on land and pressure cylinder environment performance tests need to be gradually carried out. The simulation and test results show that the design method and design results of the three-plunger seawater reciprocating pump are reasonable and accurate, the simulation model and parameter setting are accurate, the error between the simulation model flow, land test results, and pressure cylinder test results is small, and it provides a certain simulation basis for equipment design and optimization, reducing the R&D cost.
2025,47(7): 13-17 收稿日期：2024-10-21
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.07.003
分类号：TH137
基金项目：中国科学院冷泉装置前期关键技术攻关项目（LQ-GJ-03）
作者简介：钱宇(1991-),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为深海装备及均衡疏水系统
参考文献：
[1] 王振耀, 吴德发, 程谦, 等. 全海深海水可调压载集成控制阀组研究[J]. 流体机械, 2023, 51(10): 2-9.
WANG Z Y, WU D F, CHEN Q, et al. Research on integrated control valve group of full-depth seawater hydraulic variable ballast system[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2023, 51(10): 2-9.
[2] 李奔, 黄哲敏, 何斌, 等. 自主水下航行器变浮力系统研究现状及控制技术[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2022, 17(5): 134-147.
LI B, HUANG Z M, HE B, et al. Research status and control technology of autonomous underwater vehicle variable buoyancy system[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2022, 17(5): 134-147.
[3] 刘银水, 吴德发, 李东林, 等. 深海液压技术应用与研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(20): 14-23.
LIU Y S, WU D F, LI D L, et al. Applications and research progress of hydraulic technology in deep sea[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(20): 14-23.
[4] 刘雨聪, 曹文斌, 杨国来, 等. 配流阀结构特征对微型高压柱塞泵流量输出特性的影响[J]. 机床与液压, 2023, 51(21): 163-169.
LIU Y C, CAO W B, YANG G L, et al. Influence of distributing valve structure characteristics on flow output characteristics of micro high pressure piston pump[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2023, 51(21): 163-169.
[5] 王伟灿, 吴德发, 张浩, 等. 超高压海水泵水润滑轴承承载与散热仿真分析[J]. 液压与气动, 2023, 47(11): 55-60.
WANG W C, WU D F, ZHANG H, et al. Simulation analysis of deepsea water-lubricated bearing support and heat dissipation in ultra-high pressure sea water pump[J]. Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics, 2023, 47(11): 55-60.
[6] 韦春辉, 冀宏, 张培珍, 等. 超高压海水泵配流阀动态特性仿真研究[J]. 液压气动与密封, 2020, 40(3): 10-13.
WEI C H, JI H, ZHANG P Z, et al. Dynamic characteristics of distributing valves in super-high pressure seawater pump[J]. Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals, 2020, 40(3): 10-13.
[7] 胡国庆, 李世伦, 葛跃峥, 等. 海水柱塞泵动态性能的仿真研究[J]. 机床与液压, 2011, 39(7): 86-87+92.
HU G Q, LI S L, GE Y Z, et al. Dynamic simulation of a seawater plunger pump[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2011, 39(7): 86-87+92.
[8] 王刚刚. 基于AMESim的三柱塞轴向柱塞泵的动态特性仿真[J]. 机械管理开发, 2021, 36(12): 120-122.
WANG G G. Dynamic characteristic simulation of three-plunger axial piston pump based on AMESim[J]. Mechanical Management and Development, 2021, 36(12): 120-122.
[9] 张占东, 姚丽英, 姚利花, 等. 多柱塞阀配流往复式容积泵流量脉动的理论研究与仿真分析[J]. 机床与液压, 2021, 49(2): 128-135.
ZHANG Z D, YAO L Y, YAO L H, et al. Theoretical study and simulation analysis of flow fluctuation of reciprocating-type positive displacement pump with multi plunger and check valve[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2021, 49(2): 128-135.
[10] LI Y, YU L, JIANG H, et al. Transient sealing characteristics of Glyd-ring in the high water-based piston pair under reciprocating pump conditions[J]. Tribology International, 2024, 192.
