为解决某型船用柴油机低转速工况黑烟问题并为双增压技术研究提供可行性分析，通过GT-Power与不透光度台架试验搭建了低转速工况下的船用柴油机排烟特征评估模型，采用转动惯量较低的双增压方案改善其瞬态响应性能，并经过分析计算确定了惯量接近的B型和C型增压器以具体研究该仿真模型对排烟的评估与优化。研究表明，过量空气系数、不透光度与排烟之间具有强相关性，当过量空气系数低于1.5时，该型船用柴油机有黑烟风险；双增压方案在低转速工况加载时对黑烟排放的优化效果显著，B在14.4～25.4 s间短暂出现黑烟，与A相比时间缩短78.8%，而C在加载中无黑烟问题；轴流式增压器C在转动惯量相近的情况下，因其效率更高对黑烟的优化效果要明显高于离心式增压器B。该仿真模型能够简便合理地为船用中速柴油机在低转速工况时的排烟评估以及黑烟问题针对性优化提供依据。
In order to solve the problem of black smoke in a certain type of Marine diesel engine under low speed conditions and provide feasibility analysis for the research and development of dual turbocharging technology, an evaluation model of smoke emission characteristics of a Marine diesel engine under low speed conditions was established through GT-Power and opaque bench tests, and a dual turbocharging scheme with low moment of inertia was adopted to improve its transient response performance. And through analysis and calculation, type B and type C turbochargers with similar inertia are determined to study the evaluation and optimization of the simulation model on smoke exhaust. The results show that there is a strong correlation between excess air coefficient, opacity and smoke emission. When excess air coefficient is lower than 1.5, the diesel engine has the risk of black smoke. The dual-turbocharging scheme has A significant optimization effect on black smoke emission under the loading condition of low speed. B has a short black smoke appearance in 14.4 to 25.4 seconds, which is 78.8% shorter than that of A, while C has no black smoke problem during loading. Axial turbocharger C has better optimization effect on black smoke than centrifugal turbocharger B because of its higher efficiency under the condition of similar moment of inertia. The simulation model can provide a simple and reasonable basis for the assessment of smoke emission and the optimization of black smoke problem of Marine medium speed diesel engine at low speed.
2025,47(7): 125-129 收稿日期：2024-4-30
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.07.023
分类号：TK427
作者简介：陈开元(2000-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为内燃机性能仿真
参考文献：
[1] 吴智兵, 尚铭凯, 孙丽敏, 等. 颗粒物捕集装置在船用柴油机黑烟治理中的设计优化[J]. 柴油机, 2022, 44(6): 46-52.
[2] SUBRATA B, ABHISHEK P, RAJSEKHAR P, et al. Artificial intelligence based gene expression programming(GEP) model prediction of diesel engine performances and exhaust emissions under diesosenol fuel strategies[J]. Fuel, 2019, 235: 317-325.
[3] 申立忠, 文洁, 王正江, 等. 烟度限制策略对柴油机瞬态性能的影响研究[J]. 车用发动机, 2021(6): 9-15.
[4] 许允, 张龙平, 田径, 等. 加载参数对柴油机恒转速增转矩瞬态工况的试验[J]. 内燃机学报, 2016, 34(1): 16-24.
[5] 戎志祥, 宋大为, 朱奎, 等. 高背压柴油机涡轮增压器匹配设计试验[J]. 柴油机, 2023, 45(3): 49-55.
[6] YUM K K, LEFEBVRE N, PEDERSEN E. An experimental investigation of the effects of cyclic transient loads on a turbocharged diesel engine[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 185: 472-481.
[7] YOKOMURA H, KOUKETSU S, KOTOOKA S, et al. Transient EGR control for a turbocharged heavy duty diesel engine [C]// SAE Paper. Detroit, MI, USA, 2004.
[8] 张永洋, 周柯. 某型船用大功率中速柴油机冒黑烟问题分析与改进[J]. 柴油机, 2022, 44(6): 22-27.
[9] 刘锦荣, 段艳强, 朱涛, 等. 某船用柴油机低速性能优化[J]. 内燃机与动力装置, 2023, 40(3): 61-65.
