极区船舶与海冰发生挤压碰撞时常伴随着极地低温，考虑极地低温与冰载荷联合作用时对船舶舷侧极限承载能力的影响。首先，采用VOF（Volume of Fluid）模型研究在仅受环境温度影响下船舶舷侧垂向温度分布，水线至二甲板处受环境温度与海水温度的影响产生明显的温度梯度，以此时的温度应力为基础，在船舶舷侧上施加冰载荷，细化冰载荷加载区域网格，通过两倍斜率法确定舷侧的极限承载能力，环境温度越低，其极限承载能力越小。改变冰载荷施加位置，对比有无强构件支撑时其极限承载能力的大小，结果表明强构件支撑能有效提高船体的极限承载能力。研究成果可为极区船舶结构强度校核提供参考。
The compression collision between polar ships and sea ice is often accompanied by polar low temperatures. This article considers the combined effect of polar low temperatures and ice loads on the ultimate load-carrying capacity of ship hulls. Firstly, the VOF(Volume of Fluid) model is used to study the vertical temperature distribution on the ship's side under the influence of only ambient temperature. A significant temperature gradient is generated from the waterline to the second deck due to the influence of ambient temperature and seawater temperature. The temperature stress generated at this time is compressive stress. Based on this temperature stress, ice load is applied on the ship's side, and the grid of the ice load loading area is refined. The ultimate bearing capacity of the side is determined by the double slope method. The lower the ambient temperature, the smaller the ultimate bearing capacity. By changing the location of ice load application and comparing the ultimate bearing capacity with and without strong component support, the results show that strong component support can effectively improve the ultimate bearing capacity of the ship. The research results can provide reference for the strength verification of ship structures in polar regions.
2025,47(10): 15-21 收稿日期：2024-8-17
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.10.003
分类号：U663.3
作者简介：张健（1977-），男，博士，教授，研究方向为船舶与海洋工程结构强度评估
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