受复杂海况、主机转速波动等因素影响，高频噪声混入船舶尾部结构振动信号，生成虚假分量，导致振动信号特征难以提取，为此研究船舶尾部结构振动信号特征提取方法。利用延拓EMD分解法增大振动信号长度，再分解船舶尾部结构振动信号噪声和干扰成分后，去除延拓值，获取纯净振动信号；通过运行模态分析方法，提取纯净振动信号的固有频率、阻尼比，作为船舶尾部结构振动信号特征。研究结果显示，此方法对船舶尾部结构振动信号提纯效果好，信号未出现端点失真问题，且能够有效提取船舶尾部结构振动信号不同模态的固有频率与阻尼比特征，在单测点与多测点场景下均表现出高精度特征提取能力。
Due to factors such as complex sea conditions and fluctuations in engine speed, high-frequency noise is mixed into the vibration signal of the ship's tail structure, generating false components and making it difficult to extract the characteristics of the vibration signal. Therefore, a method for extracting the characteristics of the ship's tail structure vibration signal is studied. By using the extended EMD decomposition method to increase the length of the vibration signal, and then decomposing the noise and interference components of the ship's tail structure vibration signal, the extended value is removed to obtain a pure vibration signal; By using the modal analysis method, the natural frequency and damping ratio of the pure vibration signal are extracted as the characteristics of the vibration signal of the ship's tail structure. The research results show that this method has a good purification effect on the vibration signal of the ship's tail structure, and there is no endpoint distortion problem in the signal. It can effectively extract the natural frequency and damping ratio characteristics of different modes of the ship's tail structure vibration signal, and demonstrate high-precision feature extraction ability in both single and multi measurement point scenarios.
2025,47(10): 171-175 收稿日期：2025-1-18
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.10.029
分类号：TN911.6
基金项目：湖北省教育厅科技处项目（B2023436）
作者简介：李雪娇（1988-），女，硕士，副教授，研究方向为计算机图像处理等
参考文献：
[1] 杨鹏, 汪雪良. 船舶波浪载荷和波激振动的影响要素研究进展[J]. 船舶力学, 2023, 27(12): 1900-1917.
YANG P, WANG X L. Research progress on the influencing factors of ship wave loads and wave induced vibrations [J]. Ship Mechanics, 2023, 27 (12): 1900-1917.
[2] 吴磊, 赵夕滨, 黄吉, 等. 某大型耙吸挖泥船艉部振动原因分析与优化设计[J]. 船海工程, 2023, 52(1): 118-122.
WU L, ZHAO X B, HUANG J, et al. Analysis and optimization design of vibration at the tail of a large scrap suction dredger [J]. Ship and Sea Engineering, 2023, 52 (1): 118-122.
[3] 何帅康, 陈晓东, 崔洪宇, 等. 基于实船测量的船舶结构冰激振动特性研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(20): 319-326.
HE S K, CHEN X D, CUI H Y, etc Research on ice induced vibration characteristics of ship structures based on real ship measurements [J]. Vibration and Shock, 2023, 42 (20): 319-326.
[4] 张亮, 李国荣. 某双燃料动力PCTC船振动分析及控制[J]. 船海工程, 2023, 52(4): 86-90+95.
ZHANG L, LI G R. Vibration analysis and control of a dual fuel powered PCTC ship [J]. Ship and Sea Engineering, 2023, 52 (4): 86-90+95.
[5] 秦广菲, 姚慧岚, 张怀新. 螺旋桨脉动压力作用下自航船舶艉部振动数值研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2022, 56(9): 1148-1158.
QIN G F, YAO H L, ZHANG H X. Numerical study on stern vibration of self-propelled ships under pulsating pressure of propellers [J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2022, 56 (9): 1148-1158.
[6] 周慧慧, 李增光, 李天匀, 等. 船舶推进轴系振动的不确定性分析[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2023, 18(2): 235-242+250.
ZHOU H H, LI Z G, LI T Y, et al. Uncertainty analysis of ship propulsion shaft vibration [J]. China Shipbuilding Research, 2023, 18 (2): 235-242+250.
[7] 于得水, 张志亮, 蔡晓涛, 等. 某高速客船艉部结构振动分析与控制[J]. 船海工程, 2022, 51(6): 122-125.
YU D S, ZHANG Z L, CAI X T, etc Vibration analysis and control of the stern structure of a high-speed passenger ship [J]. Ship and Sea Engineering, 2022, 51 (6): 122-125.
