为了评估斜航对船舶水动力性能的影响，本文以国际标准船模KVLCC2为研究对象进行水动力特性数值计算。首先通过数值计算结果和相关实验结果的对比证明数值模拟方法的合理性。然后在不同斜流角度下对比船-桨-舵系统与桨-舵系统中螺旋桨的水动力特性，研究船体与斜流角度对舵的升力、螺旋桨水动力特性以及螺旋桨尾涡的影响。研究表明，斜流角度以及船体均会对螺旋桨和舵的相关水动力系数造成影响。由于船体的影响使得船-桨-舵系统中螺旋桨的推力、转矩均大于桨-舵系统；船-桨-舵系统桨后左右侧的涡量随着斜流角度的增加出现越来越明显的分离，而桨-舵系统的分离情况相对较弱；船体导致桨对舵前方来流的增速效果发生了变化，主要表现为船-桨-舵系统中舵的升力小于桨-舵系统。
This paper undertakes numerical simulations of hydrodynamic characteristics, focusing on the international standard ship model KVLCC2, to assess the impact of oblique sailing on the ship's hydrodynamic behavior. Firstly, the validity of the numerical simulation method is demonstrated by comparing the results from numerical calculations with relevant experimental data. Subsequently, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the propeller in the hull-propeller-rudder system are contrasted with those in the propeller-rudder system, under various oblique flow angles. The influence of oblique flow angles and the hull on the propeller's hydrodynamic characteristics, its wake vortex, and the lift force of the rudder is analyzed. The findings reveal that both the oblique flow angle and the hull geometry significantly influence the pertinent hydrodynamic coefficients associated with the propeller and rudder. Due to the influence of the hull, the thrust and torque of the propeller in the hull-propeller-rudder system are both greater than those in the propeller-rudder system. With the increase in oblique flow angle, a more pronounced separation of vortex strength is observed behind the propeller in the hull-propeller-rudder system, both laterally to the left and right. However, the separation in the propeller-rudder system is comparatively less pronounced. The presence of the hull modifies the way in which the propeller accelerates the flow towards the rudder. Consequently, the lift generated by the rudder is notably reduced in the hull-propeller-rudder system, as compared to the propeller-rudder configuration.
2025,47(11): 35-41 收稿日期：2024-7-30
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.11.007
分类号：U661.1
作者简介：冀楠(1981-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为船舶水动力性能分析与优化
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