由于风电场对雷达设备存在干扰，船舶在风电场海域的航行存在安全隐患。因此本文研究了风电场对雷达的主要影响因素遮挡效应、多径效应、多普勒效应。建立了风机与风电场3D模型，仿真分析遮挡效应影响并结合实际风电场数据计算反射效应与多径效应对雷达探测效果的影响。结果表明，风电场后方区域电场强度在1 V/m入射电场附近波动，并且波动范围在–0.24～+0.16 V/m；经过风叶旋转频率调制后，雷达信号呈现调幅特征，幅度比值为–11.63 dB；直达波与目标散射信号比值为50.96 dB。得到以下结论：风电机产生的遮挡效应导致风电场后方区域存在电场波动，多普勒效应对雷达探测存在干扰，多径效应回波对雷达检测不会造成干扰。
Due to the interference of wind farms on radar equipment, the navigation of ships in the area of wind farms is a safety hazard. This paper investigates the main influence factors of wind farms on radar, such as shielding effect, multipath effect and doppler effect. A 3D model of wind turbine and wind farm is established to simulate and analyze the influence of shielding effect, and combine with the actual wind farm data to calculate the influence of reflection effect and multipath effect on the radar detection effect. The result shows that the electric field strength in the area behind the wind farm fluctuates around 1 V/m incident electric field, and the fluctuation range is from –0.24 V/m to +0.16 V/m; after the modulation of the rotational frequency of the wind blades, the radar signal shows the characteristics of amplitude modulation, and the amplitude ratio is –11.63 dB; and the ratio of the direct wave to the target scattered signal is 50.96 dB. The following conclusions are obtained: the shading effect produced by wind turbine leads to the existence of electric field fluctuation in the area behind the wind farm, the doppler effect interferes with the radar detection, and the multipath effect echo does not cause interference to the radar detection.
2025,47(11): 138-143 收稿日期：2024-8-15
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.11.024
分类号：U666.14
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52271367）
作者简介：董思佳(2000-),女,硕士,研究方向为船舶节能减排与船用电子设备电磁兼容
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