大型船舶在高海况下的航行安全面临严峻挑战，船舶倾覆事故不仅危及生命财产安全，还会造成巨大经济损失。本文系统探讨了参数横摇、纯稳性丧失及横浪中谐摇共振3种典型倾覆类型的触发机制，并借助仿真实验展现其动态特征。参数横摇初期受阻尼作用，横摇幅值相对平稳，后期因参数激励能量不断累积致使幅值急剧增大；纯稳性丧失中，不同工况使得横倾角度增长速率与剧烈程度呈现明显区别；横浪谐摇共振时，波浪频率接近船舶横摇固有频率会引发剧烈横倾、稳性风险显著增加，而偏离共振频率时横倾状态相对平稳。本文对提升船舶在高海况下的安全性与稳定性具有一定实践价值。
The navigation safety of large ships in high-sea states faces severe challenges, as capsize accidents not only endanger life and property safety but also cause enormous economic losses. This study systematically investigates the triggering mechanisms of three typical capsizing types: parametric rolling, pure loss of stability, and resonant rolling in beam seas, and demonstrates their dynamic characteristics through simulation experiments. In parametric rolling, the roll amplitude remains relatively stable in the initial stage due to damping effects, but increases sharply in the later stage as energy accumulates from parametric excitation. For pure loss of stability, different operational conditions lead to significant differences in the growth rate and severity of heel angles. During resonant rolling in beam seas, when the wave frequency approaches the ship's natural rolling frequency, violent rolling occurs with significantly increased stability risks, while the rolling remains relatively stable when the frequency deviates from resonance. This research provides practical value for improving the safety and stability of ships in high-sea states.
2025,47(12): 30-33 收稿日期：2024-9-7
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.12.006
分类号：U667.65
作者简介：陈秉权(1985-),男,验船师,研究方向为船舶与海洋工程
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