在船舶航行过程中，螺旋桨工作于复杂的非定常流场中，船身伴流不均、外界风浪流因素以及叶片设计等会引发周期性和随机激振力，这些激振力对船尾轴承的润滑特性产生显著影响。本文分析螺旋桨激振力的产生机制，基于流体润滑理论的雷诺方程，建立考虑螺旋桨激振力影响的船尾轴承润滑模型；搭建模拟实验平台，涵盖实验台架、动力系统、激振力加载装置及辅助装置等，通过实验获取不同激振力幅值下油膜压力最大值和油膜最小厚度数据，并与理论计算结果进行对比。研究结果表明，油膜压力最大值和油膜最小厚度的理论值与实验值差异明显。本文为船舶推进系统的优化设计与运行维护提供了理论支撑与实践参考。
During the navigation of a ship, the propeller operates in a complex unsteady flow field. Uneven body flow, external wind, wave and current factors, as well as blade design, can cause periodic and random excitation forces, which have a significant impact on the lubrication characteristics of the stern bearings. The generation mechanism of the propeller excitation force was analyzed in depth. Then, based on the Reynolds equation of fluid lubrication theory, a lubrication model of the stern bearing considering the influence of the propeller excitation force was established. A simulation experiment platform was established, covering the experimental bench, power system, excitation force loading device and auxiliary device, etc. Through experiments, the data of the maximum oil film pressure and the minimum oil film thickness under different excitation force amplitudes were obtained and compared with the theoretical calculation results. The research results show that the theoretical values of the maximum oil film pressure and the minimum oil film thickness differ significantly from the experimental values. This research provides important theoretical support and practical reference for the optimal design and operation and maintenance of ship propulsion systems.
2025,47(12): 34-37 收稿日期：2024-7-9
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.12.007
分类号：U667.65
基金项目：河南省教育厅高等学校重点科研项目（23A460028）
作者简介：杜彩凤(1988-),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向为计算机辅助设计及机械设计与制造
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