本文通过调研无人潜水器、鱼雷、潜艇、载人潜水器等水下装备在锂离子电池应用方面的发展情况，综述了锂离子电池在国内外水下无人装备和有人装备上的应用现状，列举了不同类型装备对使用的锂离子电池的特殊要求，不同类型装备锂电池组的设计指标和设计方案。此外，本文还分析了锂离子电池在水下装备的发展趋势，随着水下装备向高航程、高可靠性、高安全性、协同化等方向发展，锂离子电池需要在比能量、安全性、成本等方面进一步提升，以满足水下装备的需求，同时提出了电池安全性需要采取的方法，从电芯、电池模块、电池组以及电池舱室级别保障电池组安全。
This paper, through the investigation of the development of lithium-ion batteries in underwater equipment such as unmanned underwater vehicles, torpedoes, submarines, and manned submersibles, summarizes the current application status of lithium-ion batteries in domestic and international unmanned and manned underwater equipment. It also lists the special requirements for lithium-ion batteries used in different types of equipment, as well as the design indicators and schemes of lithium-ion battery packs for different types of equipment. In addition, this paper analyzes the development trend of lithium-ion batteries in underwater equipment. As underwater equipment moves towards higher range, higher reliability, higher safety, and greater coordination, lithium-ion batteries need to further improve in specific energy, safety, and cost to meet the demands of underwater equipment. At the same time, it proposes methods to ensure battery safety, including at the cell, battery module, battery pack, and battery compartment levels.
2025,47(15): 1-5 收稿日期：2024-10-30
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.15.001
分类号：P756
基金项目：国家重点研发计划（2021YFC2801302）
作者简介：刘浩(1989-),男,高级工程师,研究方向为潜水器总体设计
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