舰载导弹垂直发射系统主要用于各种舰载导弹发射，是水面舰艇作战系统的重要组成部分。系统总结了舰载导弹垂直发射系统的发展现状和发展趋势：首先，归纳了舰载导弹垂直发射系统的特点；其次，分析了舰载导弹垂直热发射、冷发射和软发射等各种垂直发射方式，并对比了各种发射方式的特点；然后，对美国、俄罗斯等国家主要舰载导弹垂直发射系统进行了研究，指出了各自技术特点；最后，结合无人化技术、智能控制技术、电磁弹射技术等新兴技术的发展，总结了舰载导弹垂直发射系统的发展趋势。系统性地对舰载导弹垂直发射系统发展现状和趋势进行分析总结，可为舰载导弹垂直发射系统以及有人/无人水面舰艇平台的论证和研制提供一定借鉴。
The shipborne missile vertical launch system is mainly used for launching various shipborne missiles，and it is an important department of surface vessels’ combat system. It summarizes the current status and development trend of shipborne missile vertical launch systems. Firstly, the characteristics of shipborne missile vertical launch systems are summarized. Secondly, various vertical launch methods such as hot launch, cold launch, and soft launch are analyzed, and the characteristics of each method are compared. Then, it is researched of vertical launch systems which are from the United States, Russia, and China, and so on; and their respective technical characteristics are pointed out. Finally, the development trend of shipborne missile vertical launch systems is summarized based on the development of emerging technologies, such as unmanned technology, intelligent control technology, and electromagnetic launch technology. The systematic analysis and summary of the development of shipborne missile vertical launch systems can provide certain reference for the development of shipborne missile vertical launch systems and manned/unmanned surface ships.
2025,47(15): 6-11 收稿日期：2024-11-26
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.15.002
分类号：TJ76
作者简介：苏金涛(1980-),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向为反潜武器系统、无人作战系统
参考文献：
[1] 刘钧圣, 曾望, 汤江河, 等. 垂直发射多用途导弹发展现状与研究方向[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2019, 39(5): 172-177.
[2] 吴智慧, 赵汉青. 国外导弹垂直发射关键技术研究[C]//第五届空天动力联合会议论文集, 2020.
WU Z H, ZHAO H Q. Research on Key Technologies for Vertical Launch of Missiles Abroad[C]//Proceedings of the 5th Aerospace Power Joint Conference, 2020.
[3] 曹亮. 导弹发射过程同心筒内燃气流场研究[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2022, 42(6): 155-158.
CAO L. Research on the combustion flow field in the concentric canister launcher during missile launch[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2022, 42(6): 155-158.
[4] 任锐, 马大为, 姚琳, 等. 多级气动液压弹射装置建模及性能研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(8): 1365-1372.
REN R, MA D W, YAO L, et al. Theoretical modeling and performance research on multi-stage pneumatic and hydraulic catapult device[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37(8): 1365-1372.
[5] MBDA. CAMM-ER completes major trials milestone[EB/OL]. 2018.
[6] 刘永亮, 任克亮, 马旭轮, 等. 国内外舰载导弹发射装置发展综述[J]. 装备环境工程, 2023, 20(7): 1-8.
LIU Y L, REN K L, MA X L, et al. Development overview of domestic and foreign shipborne missile launcher[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2023, 20(7): 1-8.
[7] 孙东平, 冯林平, 范作娥. 舰艇垂直发射系统现状及发展趋势分析[J]. 飞航导弹, 2020, 8(2): 78-81.
SUN D P, FENG L P, FAN Z E. Analysis of the current status and development trends of ship vertical launch systems[J]. Aerodynamic Missile Journal, 2020, 8(2): 78-81.
[8] 刘永亮, 任克亮, 马旭轮, 等. 新形势下舰载垂直发射装置发展趋势[J]. 装备环境工程, 2019, 16(7): 60-63.
LIU Y L, REN K L, MA X L, et al. Development tendency of ship vertical launcher in new situation[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2019, 16(7): 60-63.
[9] Navy Recognition. Alit from China unveils LY-80N naval surface-to-air Missile Weapon System[EB/OL]. 2021.
[10] 中国航天科工集团有限公司. 我国新一代舰载通用垂直发射系统HT-1E首次亮相航展[J]. 军民两用技术与产品, 2021, 10(4): 6-7.
China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Limited. The new generation shipborne universal vertical launch system HT-1E in China made its debut at the air show[J]. Dual use Technologies and Products for Military and Civilian Use, 2021, 10(4): 6-7.
[11] Navy Recognition. AAD 2018: China's CSOC Unveils 'JARI' Unmanned Surface Combatant-USV[EB/OL]. 2018.
