由于多源不确定性因素的影响，传统船舶推进轴系振动预测方法难以准确模拟船舶推进轴系的旋转振动特性。本文基于统计数据结合蒙特卡罗方法对螺旋桨推力和柴油机径向力的概率特性进行模拟，同时以有限元法和油层流体动力学分别确定曲轴刚度特性、推力轴承刚度和阻尼参数，并利用龙格库塔方法求解多质量离散模型轴向振动的二阶微分方程组，针对实际轴系考虑随机因子的纵向自由振动和共振特性进行了分析。研究表明：相对确定论的能量法，考虑随机因子的轴系最大振动振幅偏差可达30%；船舶轴系振动模拟中考虑随机因素的效果是存在的，随着轴线转速的增加而增加；相对确定论方法，考虑随机性曲轴前端平均振幅可以降低1.0%。
Due to the influence of multiple sources of uncertainty, traditional ship propulsion shaft systems are difficult to accurately simulate the rotational vibration characteristics of ship propulsion shaft systems. Based on statistical data combined with Monte Carlo methods, this paper simulates the probability characteristics of propeller thrust and diesel engine radial force. At the same time, finite element method and oil reservoir fluid dynamics are used to determine the elastic characteristics of the crankshaft, thrust bearing elasticity and damping parameters, respectively. The Runge Kutta method is used to solve the second-order differential equations of axial vibration in a multi mass discrete model. The longitudinal free vibration and resonance characteristics of actual shaft systems considering random factors are analyzed. Research shows that the energy method of relative determinism can achieve a vibration deviation of up to 30% for shaft systems considering random factors. The effect of considering random factors in ship shaft system vibration simulation exists, As the axis speed increases, it increases; considering randomness can reduce the amplitude by 1.0%.
2025,47(15): 102-108 收稿日期：2024-11-26
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.15.017
分类号：U662.2
基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2020YFC1508405）；中国交通教育研究会教育科学研究课题（JT2022YB101）
作者简介：闫佳兵(1985-),男,副教授,研究方向为船舶动力系统及推进技术
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