为直观展现海洋电磁信号的变化规律，全面分析导航系统的电磁干扰问题，设计了海洋电磁信号对舰船导航系统的干扰分析方法。考虑海水介质、舰船金属外壳等实际场景，利用时域有限差分法建立海洋电磁行为的时域旋度方程，借助中心差分近似将时域旋度方程转化为离散差分方程，通过交替迭代计算分析海洋电磁信号对舰船导航系统的干扰现象，以及金属外壳对舰船导航系统电磁干扰的屏蔽效能。实验证明，自然与人为海洋电磁信号中，雷电电磁脉冲信号与其他舰船辐射电磁信号对舰船导航系统的位置信号干扰最为严重，最大位置误差分别约为±20 m、±15 m；舰船导航系统的金属外壳开缝角度越大，电磁干扰的屏蔽效能越佳，最佳开缝角度为90°。
To visually demonstrate the variation law of ocean electromagnetic signals and comprehensively analyze the electromagnetic interference problem of navigation systems, a method for analyzing the interference of ocean electromagnetic signals on ship navigation systems has been designed. Considering practical scenarios such as seawater medium and ship metal shells, the time-domain finite difference method is used to establish the time-domain curl equation of ocean electromagnetic behavior. The time-domain curl equation is converted into a discrete difference equation using the central difference approximation. The interference phenomenon of ocean electromagnetic signals on ship navigation systems and the shielding effectiveness of metal shells on electromagnetic interference of ship navigation systems are analyzed through alternating iteration calculations. Experimental results have shown that among natural and man-made marine electromagnetic signals, lightning electromagnetic pulse signals and other ship radiated electromagnetic signals have the most severe interference on the position signals of ship navigation systems, with maximum position errors of about ± 20 m and ± 15 m, respectively. The larger the opening angle of the metal shell of the ship navigation system, the better the shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic interference, and the optimal opening angle is 90°.
2025,47(16): 128-131 收稿日期：2025-2-13
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.16.020
分类号：U674；TN911
基金项目：山西省教育科学“十四五”规划课题（GH-220227）
作者简介：刘会峰(1979-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为电磁建模及求解
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