船舶在复杂海洋环境中面临巨浪冲击、碰撞等极端载荷，极限强度是保障航行安全的核心指标。本文探讨极限强度对船体设计的影响维度，分析材料选型、结构布局等关键因素，结合Smith法与有限元仿真计算极限强度，通过初步设计参数筛选、详细设计应力集中区优化及实船验证的三级流程，提出高应变区增厚、低应力区减薄的拓扑优化策略，其成果在散货船、集装箱船等船型中有效平衡安全与经济性能，为极端工况设计提供系统支撑。
In complex marine environments, ships are confronted with extreme loads such as huge wave impacts and collisions. Ultimate strength is a core indicator for ensuring navigation safety. This paper explores the influence dimensions of ultimate strength on hull design, analyzes key factors such as material selection and structural layout, and combines the Smith method with finite element simulation to calculate ultimate strength. Through a three-level process of preliminary design parameter screening, detailed design stress concentration zone optimization, and actual ship verification, a topological optimization strategy of thickening the high-strain zone and thinning the low-stress zone is proposed. Its achievements effectively balance safety and economic performance in ship types such as bulk carriers and container ships, providing systematic support for extreme working condition design.
2025,47(16): 177-180 收稿日期：2025-2-14
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.16.028
分类号：U667.65
作者简介：蒋蒙(1981-),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向为船舶造型设计
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