考虑海洋风电机组支撑结构的波浪载荷受多种因素影响，在复杂海况或非规则波下若多因素影响考虑不全面，载荷估计误差大这一问题，研究新的海洋风电机组支撑结构的波浪载荷估计方法。通过振动方程及傅里叶变换分析波浪载荷对海上风电支撑结构的影响；对波浪特性进行建模，将风电支撑结构因素和波浪特性因素作为输入，构建基于门控神经网络（Gated Recurrent Unit，GRU）的波浪载荷估计模型，利用此模型捕捉多因素与载荷之间的关系，输出多因素影响下的载荷估计结果。实验结果显示：所选结构因素与波浪特性因素，均与波浪载荷存在相关性；此方法在规则波工况下能稳定估计不同能量等级的波浪载荷，在不规则波工况下可精准捕捉载荷随机波动特征，载荷估计结果拟合度高、精度高。
Considering that the wave load on the support structure of offshore wind turbines is influenced by multiple factors, and if multiple factors are not fully considered under complex sea conditions or irregular waves, the problem of large load estimation errors is addressed. Therefore, a new method for estimating wave load on the support structure of offshore wind turbines is studied. Analyze the influence of wave loads on offshore wind power support structures through vibration equations and Fourier transform; Modeling wave characteristics, taking wind power support structure factors and wave characteristic factors as inputs, constructing a wave load estimation model based on Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), using this model to capture the relationship between multiple factors and loads, and outputting load estimation results under the influence of multiple factors. The experimental results show that both the selected structural factors and wave characteristic factors are correlated with wave loads; This method can stably estimate wave loads of different energy levels under regular wave conditions, and accurately capture the random fluctuation characteristics of loads under irregular wave conditions. The load estimation results have high fitting and accuracy.
2025,47(17): 124-128 收稿日期：2025-1-12
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.17.020
分类号：TP391
作者简介：王羽(1985-),男,高级工程师,研究方向为海上风电施工装备与工艺
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