随着新能源车辆行业的蓬勃发展，船舶载运新能源汽车的需求也在同步增加，然而船舶货舱载运新能源车可能会引发火灾，其火灾蔓延分析的研究工作意义重大。基于PyroSim软件，对货舱内角隅处和中央处两种锂电池新能源车热失控引发的火灾场景展开数值模拟，分析1 h内烟气和燃烧的蔓延规律、舱室内温度场分布以及热释放速率的变化。结果显示，货舱中央位置新能源车热失控热释放速率达峰值时间短，燃烧蔓延快，危害与风险更大。为此，提出系列防控建议与措施，包括保证舱口盖的密闭性，合理增加竖直车辆间距，采用烟感喷淋与CO2灭火系统，设置A-60防火隔层等，以期降低船载新能源车货舱火灾危害、提升船运安全性，推动船舶运输安全管理工作的发展。
With the vigorous development of the new energy vehicle industry, the demand for shipping new energy vehicles by vessels is also increasing simultaneously. However, the transportation of new energy vehicles in ship cargo holds may cause fires, and the research on the fire spread analysis is of great significance. Based on the PyroSim software, numerical simulations were conducted on two fire scenarios caused by thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery new energy vehicles at the corner and center of the cargo hold. The spread patterns of smoke and combustion, the temperature field distribution in the cabin, and the changes in heat release rate within one hour were analyzed. The results show that the peak time of heat release rate of new energy vehicles at the center of the cargo hold due to thermal runaway is shorter, and the fire spreads faster, posing greater hazards and risks. Therefore, a series of prevention and control suggestions and measures are proposed, including ensuring the airtightness of the hatch cover, reasonably increasing the vertical vehicle spacing, using smoke detection sprinkler and CO2 fire extinguishing systems, and setting up A-60 fireproof partitions, etc., in order to reduce the fire hazards in the cargo holds of ship-borne new energy vehicles, enhance the safety of shipping, and promote the development of ship transportation safety management.
2025,47(19): 35-41 收稿日期：2025-1-6
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.19.006
分类号：U698.4
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52171259）；工信部高技术船舶项目（[2021]342）
作者简介：欧阳欢(1999-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为舰船消防技术与工程
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