为减小船体结构振动传递，在板上敷设周期性阻振质量块，探究其减振原理和方法。运用试验和有限元方法，对周期性阻振质量块的单个晶胞及其组成的一维和二维板结构进行减振分析，利用周期性阻振质量块在结构中产生的弯曲波带隙，使带隙范围内的弯曲波显著衰减。研究结果表明，周期性阻振质量块在弯曲波带隙范围内对板具有显著的减振效果。一维板相较单个晶胞（零维），阻振质量块沿纵向布置的数量增加，减振效果逐步提升；二维板相较一维，横向布置的阻振质量块之间的反向作用力可更有效抑制板的振动。试验测得弯曲波带隙相较于单个晶胞计算更宽且带隙起始频率更低。在有限元分析中，考虑结构阻尼可更加精准地预报频响曲线的高频部分。通过系列试验和有限元仿真相结合的方法，验证了周期性阻振质量块在船体结构中应用的可行性，为新一代船艇减振设计提供理论指导和技术支撑。
To reduce the vibration transmission in ship structures, periodic vibration blocking masses are applied to the plate surface to explore their vibration reduction principles and methods. Through experimental testing and finite element analysis, vibration reduction analysis of a single unit cell of the periodic vibration blocking masses and its corresponding one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) plate structures. The bending wave bandgap generated by the periodic vibration blocking masses significantly attenuates bending waves within the bandgap range. The results show that the periodic vibration blocking masses have a notable vibration reduction effect on the plate within the bending wave bandgap range. For the 1D plate, compared to a single unit cell (zero dimension), the vibration reduction effect gradually improves as the number of vibration blocking masses increases along the longitudinal direction. For the 2D plate, compared to the 1D plate, the reciprocal force between the laterally arranged vibration blocking masses more effectively suppresses the vibration of the plate. The experimental results indicate that the bending wave bandgap is wider and the starting frequency of the bandgap is lower compared to the single unit cell calculations. In the finite element analysis, considering structural damping can more accurately predict the high-frequency portion of the frequency response curve. The feasibility of applying periodic vibration blocking masses in hull structures was verified through a combination of a series of experiments and finite element simulations, providing theoretical guidance and technical support for the vibration reduction design of the next generation of ships.
2025,47(19): 57-62 收稿日期：2024-12-30
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.19.009
分类号：U663.6
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52271326）
作者简介：薛宇驰(1997-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为船舶与海洋工程结构振动分析
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