考虑船舶航行安全，大型复杂船体结构的分段焊接质量需求较高，有必要控制分段焊接变形量。为此，提出大型复杂船体结构分段焊接变形控制方法。以某大型集装箱货船为对象，确定复杂机舱区组合结构及构件参数，采用激光 - 电弧复合焊接并设定分段焊接工艺参数与顺序。利用 HyperMesh 软件构建包含 26000 个单元的船体结构有限元模型，结合双椭球热源模型模拟分段焊接过程，将结果导入软件分析焊接变形与残余应力，通过积分计算固有变形量。基于反变形理论，用多项式拟合法计算反变形量并施加于焊接变形处，使焊接结构更贴合设计。测试结果表明，该方法能够确定船体结构焊接的变形量；控制后焊接处的变形云图中，变形范围明显减小，各分段的总变形量均低于5.31 mm。
Considering the safety of ship navigation, the quality requirements for segmented welding of large and complex ship structures are high, and it is necessary to control the deformation of segmented welding. Therefore, a segmented welding deformation control method for large and complex ship structures is proposed. Taking a large container ship as the object, determine the complex combination structure and component parameters of the engine room area, adopt laser arc composite welding, and set the segmented welding process parameters and sequence. Using HyperMesh software to construct a finite element model of a ship structure containing 26000 elements, combined with a double ellipsoid heat source model to simulate the segmented welding process, the results are imported into the software to analyze welding deformation and residual stress, and the inherent deformation is calculated through integration. Based on the anti deformation theory, the polynomial fitting method is used to calculate the anti deformation amount and apply it to the welding deformation area, making the welding structure more in line with the design. The test results indicate that this method can determine the deformation of ship structure welding; In the deformation cloud map of the welded joint after control, the deformation range is significantly reduced, and the total deformation of each segment is less than 5.31 mm.
2025,47(19): 82-86 收稿日期：2025-5-7
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.19.013
分类号：U671.8; TG404
作者简介：缪振华(1980-),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为船舶建造、船体工艺、船厂智改数转方向
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