为实现2050年国际海事组织（IMO）提出的温室气体净零排放目标，氨作为一种零碳燃料，在船舶领域有巨大的应用潜力。本文介绍氨燃料发动机的发展现状、排放特性以及排放控制技术。与传统燃料相比，氨燃料发动机会产生一氧化二氮（N2O）和未燃氨（NH3）非常规排放物。相比进气道喷射氨的方式，采用高压缸内直喷氨的方式可以减少82%左右的未燃NH3排放。N2O在发动机排温范围内很难通过后处理技术去除，因此主要通过发动机性能参数优化的方式控制N2O排放在较低水平（≤20×10–6），再通过选择性催化还原（SCR）技术去除NOX和逃逸NH3以满足IMO TierIII排放法规要求。
To achieve the greenhouse gas net-zero emissions target set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for 2050, ammonia, as a zero-carbon fuel, has significant potential for application in the maritime sector. This article introduces the current development of ammonia-fueled engines, their emission characteristics, and emission control technologies. Compared to traditional fuels, ammonia-fueled engines generate unconventional emissions such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and unburned ammonia (NH3). Compared to ammonia injection in the intake manifold, using high-pressure in-cylinder direct injection of ammonia can reduce unburned NH3 emissions by approximately 82%. N2O is difficult to remove through after-treatment technologies within the engine's exhaust temperature range. Therefore, N2O emissions are primarily controlled at a low level (≤20×10–6) by optimizing engine performance parameters, followed by the use of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology to remove NOX and escaping NH3 to comply with IMO Tier III emission regulations.
2025,47(19): 133-139 收稿日期：2024-12-26
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.19.021
分类号：U677.3; TK46+4
基金项目：上海市2022年度“科技创新行动计划”资助项目（22QB1406300）
作者简介：田新娜(1987-),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为发动机排放后处理
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