某舰炮自动机击发机构研制过程中，需对射击后弹药底火的击痕深度是否满足2.40～2.68 mm的可靠击发要求进行分析。击痕深度过浅不足以击发弹药，过深易造成底火被击穿致使火药燃气后喷影响弹丸初速。本文就该舰炮自动机单发、连发2种射击模式下击发机构的工作原理、击针动能、底火击痕深度、炮箱对击发机构的限位程度等方面采用理论建模与弹塑性有限元分析相结合的方法逐一分析。分析结果表明：该舰炮自动机击发机构在单发、连发射击模式下的底火击痕深度仿真值分别为2.41 mm、2.62 mm。结合与实弹射击试验的底火击痕形貌的对比分析，判定该舰炮自动机击发机构单发或连发射击后的底火击痕深度满足可靠击发要求；连发射击模式下击发机构传递至击针的能量为510.1 J，远大于单发射击的28.7 J。因此，舰炮自动机击发机构的设计除考虑底火击痕深度外，还应着重对连发模式下炮箱对击发机构的限位能力进行验证，以降低因限位不足造成击针前出致使底火被击穿的可能；基于该自动机击发机构击发过程的有限元仿真结果，连发射击过程中击发杠杆与炮箱接触的峰值应力为420 MPa，远低于炮箱或击发杠杆的材料屈服强度，认定炮箱对击发机构的限位充分。本工作可为相关自动机的设计提供参考。
During the development of the firing mechanism for a naval gun automatic system, it is necessary to analyze whether the indentation depth of the cartridge primer after firing meets the reliable ignition requirement of 2.40 mm～2.68 mm. Insufficient indentation depth may fail to ignite the ammunition, while excessive depth risks primer penetration that could cause propellant gas leakage and affect projectile muzzle velocity. This paper employs a combined approach of theoretical modeling and elasto-plastic finite element analysis to systematically examine the working principles, firing pin kinetic energy, primer indentation depth, and motion limits imposed by the gun housing on the firing mechanism under both single-shot and automatic firing modes. The analytical results indicate: The simulated primer indentation depths under single-shot and automatic firing modes are 2.41 mm and 2.62 mm respectively. Comparative analysis with actual firing test results confirms that these depths satisfy reliable ignition requirements; The energy transferred to the firing pin in automatic mode reaches 510.1 J, significantly higher than the 28.7 J in single-shot mode. Beyond primer indentation considerations, the design should prioritize verifying the motion-limiting capability of the gun housing in automatic mode to prevent potential primer penetration caused by insufficient firing pin restraint; Finite element simulations reveal that the peak contact stress between the firing lever and gun housing during automatic firing is 420 MPa, well below the material yield strength of both components, confirming adequate motion limitation by the gun housing.
2025,47(21): 158-162 收稿日期：2025-2-10
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.21.025
分类号：U66；TJ391
基金项目：海军研究院预研项目
作者简介：彭松江(1978-),男,研究员,研究方向为中大口径舰炮研制
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