本文聚焦水下航行器的通海管道，将流体参数变化（包含管道负载压力、脉动频率、泵流量等）、通海口结构形式以及孔隙率设定为关键研究变量，充分考虑脉动激励因素，运用CFD数值仿真方法并结合UDF技术将脉动压力编译到流体，深入剖析通海管道内部复杂流场特性，并基于声类比理论，采用自动匹配层（AML）技术，开展声学特性研究。通过对比压力脉动下的流场压力、流噪声声压级等关键指标。研究发现，流体参数变化对通海口流噪声影响显著，负载压力、脉动频率、泵流量增加时，压力分布的不均匀性加剧，通海口流噪声声压级也随之升高。不同通海口结构形式在流速、声压级分布及降噪效果上存在明显差异，高频段格栅形与菱形降噪优势明显。孔隙率变化也会显著改变流场与噪声特性，随着孔隙率的增加，通海口流噪声整体呈下降趋势。本研究成果可以为水下航行器的工程实践应用提供参考。
This paper focus on the through-sea pipeline of the underwater vehicle, set the changes of fluid parameters (including pipeline loading pressure, pulsation frequency, pump flow rate, etc.), the structural form of the through-sea port and the porosity as the key research variables, take the pressure pulsation excitation factors into full consideration, and utilize the numerical simulation method of CFD combined with the UDF technology to compile the pulsation pressure into the fluid, so as to analyze the characteristics of the complex flow field inside the through-sea pipeline in-depth. Based on the theory of acoustic analogy, automatic matching layer (AML) technology is adopted to carry out the research on acoustic characteristics. By comparing the flow field pressure under pressure pulsation, flow noise sound pressure level and other key indexes, it is found that: the change of fluid parameters has a significant impact on the flow noise of the through-hole, and when the load pressure, pulsation frequency, and pump flow rate increase, the inhomogeneity of the pressure distribution is intensified, and the sound pressure level of the flow noise of the through-hole is also elevated. There are obvious differences in the flow rate, sound pressure level distribution and noise reduction effect of different through-hole structure forms, and the noise reduction advantages of grating and diamond shape are obvious in the high frequency band. The change of porosity will also significantly change the flow field and noise characteristics, with the increase of porosity, the overall trend of the through-hole flow noise decreases. The results of this research can provide a reference for the application of underwater vehicles in engineering practice.
2025,47(22): 22-31 收稿日期：2025-2-7
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.22.004
分类号：U662
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52241102）
作者简介：王影（1996 – ），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为振动与噪声控制
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