为研究自由液面对船体板架在水下接触爆炸冲击下破口损伤的具体影响，采用数值方法模拟典型加筋板在水下接触爆炸作用下的毁伤破坏，通过与文献试验结果的对比验证数值方法的有效性。在此基础上，开展水平放置加筋板和竖直放置加筋板在不同水深条件下的接触爆炸数值仿真，分析无自由液面情况下静水压力对加筋板破口尺寸的具体影响，研究自由液面对加筋板破口损伤的影响机理和影响规律。结果表明，在无自由液面情况下，加筋板架破口尺寸随着静水压力的提高逐渐增大，但总体影响较小；而自由液面对破口尺寸的影响效果非常显著，随着装药与自由液面距离的减小，爆轰气团在膨胀过程中从自由液面处大量散逸，使得作用在加筋板架上的能量显著下降，其最终的破口尺寸也显著降低。
In order to study the influence of free surface on the crevasse damage of hull plate frame subjected to underwater contact explosion, the damage of typical stiffened plates under the action of underwater contact explosion was reproduced by numerical simulation method, and the effectiveness of the numerical method was verified by comparing with the experimental results in literature. On this basis, the horizontally placed stiffened plate and numerically placed stiffened plate in different water depths under contact explosion were carried out by numerical simulation, and the specific influence of hydrostatic pressure on the crevasse size of stiffened plate without free surface was analyzed, and the influence mechanism and law of the free surface on crevasse damage of stiffened plate were studied. The results show that the crevasse size became larger with the increase of the hydrostatic pressure in the absence of free surface, but the overall effect is very limited. While the free surface can significantly affect crevasse damage of stiffened plate, a smaller distance between the charge and the free surface lead to a smaller crevasse size, because a large amount of detonation product escapes from the free surface in the process of expansion, and the energy acting on the stiffened plate frame decreases significantly.
2025,47(22): 81-88 收稿日期：2025-3-12
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.22.012
分类号：U661.4
作者简介：金键（1990 – ），男，博士，助理研究员，研究方向为爆炸冲击动力学
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