航运是国际贸易运输最主要的方式之一，是联系各国贸易的重要纽带，但同时航运业也是耗能大户。如何提高航运能效，减少污染成为了目前亟待解决的问题。船舶轻量化是航运节能减排的最主要措施之一，有助于降低成本、改善航行性能、提升操纵稳定性等。本文从轻量化材料和轻量化设计2个角度，论述了船舶轻量化技术的概念、发展现状及应用情况等；从仿生设计以及增材制造技术2个方向展望未来新型船舶轻量化技术。
Shipping is one of the most important ways of international trade transportation and an important link connecting trade among countries. However, at the same time, the shipping industry is also a major energy consumer. How to improve shipping energy efficiency and reduce pollution has become an urgent problem to be solved at present. Ship lightweighting is one of the most important measures for energy conservation and emission reduction in shipping, which helps to reduce costs, improve navigation performance, and enhance handling stability, etc. This article discusses the concept, development status and application of ship lightweighting technology from two perspectives: lightweight materials and lightweight design. The future new lightweight technologies for ships are prospected from two directions: bionic design and additive manufacturing technology.
2025,47(23): 1-9 收稿日期：2025-3-6
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.23.001
分类号：U668
基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目（52475398）
作者简介：杨磊(1988-),男,教授,研究方向为轻量化/承载一体化功能点阵结构的设计、制备及力学分析
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