为了分析存在轴承磨损严重、异常振动的某船轴系的艉轴处截断及液压联轴节损伤情况，通过轴系校中获取其所在轴向位置处的相对转角变化情况，应用Abaqus软件建立某船联轴节-艉轴过盈配合的简化结构有限元接触模型，验证了该过盈配合结构在弯曲载荷作用下发生微动损伤的可能性，分析了不同过盈量对接触应力、摩擦剪切力与微动滑移区域的影响。结果显示，某种异常振动舰船轴系艉轴-联轴节所处轴向位置的相对转角变化是中间轴-艉轴联轴节的10余倍；而在类似某种异常振动的舰船轴系艉轴处截断的轴向位置处，进口的某船轴系相对转角变化也是中间轴-艉轴联轴节的10余倍，但是进口的某船轴系艉轴未截断，且运行良好，因此需要认真设计液压联轴节所处的轴向位置。在弯曲载荷作用下，该过盈配合结构配合边缘发生微动损伤，艉轴轴承处转角相对变化较大，会引起偏磨。
To analyze the truncation and damage of the hydraulic coupling at the stern shaft of a certain type of ship shafting with severe bearing wear and abnormal vibration, the relative angular changes at the axial positions were obtained through shaft alignment. A simplified structural finite element contact model of the ship coupling-stern shaft interference fit was established using Abaqus software. The possibility of fretting damage of the interference structure under bending load was verified, and the influence of different interference amounts on contact stress, frictional shear force, and fretting slip region was analyzed. The results show that the relative angular change at the axial position of the stern shaft-coupling in a certain ship with abnormal vibration is more than 10 times that of the intermediate shaft-stern shaft coupling. In a similar case of a ship with abnormal vibration, the relative angular change at the axial position of the stern shaft where the shaft was cut off is also more than 10 times that of the intermediate shaft-stern shaft coupling. However, the stern shaft of the imported ship's shafting was not cut off and it runs well. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully design the axial position of the hydraulic coupling. Under the action of bending load, fretting damage occurs at the edge of the interference fit structure. The relative change in the angle at the stern tube bearing is relatively large, which will cause eccentric wear.
2025,47(23): 19-25 收稿日期：2025-2-20
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.23.003
分类号：U664.2；TH117.1
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52275505）
作者简介：张新宝(1965-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为公差理论、精密机械与轴系特性优化
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