为研究双壳舰艇抗冲击特性，建立带防护层充水双层结构冲击动力学理论模型，模拟研究水下爆炸载荷下双层舰船结构响应特性与流场空化现象，并分析舰船外壳敷设防护层和模型参数变化对双层壳体抗冲击性能影响。基于可压缩多相流、等熵空化流和塑性冲击波理论，建立外流体-含防护层外板-舷间水、舷间连接结构-内板非线性双面水流固耦合冲击动力学等效模型。研究外板敷设塑性多孔防护层的抗冲效能，分析防护层参数变化、舷间连接结构刚度变化和内板支撑刚度变化对防护层抗冲效能的影响规律。结果表明，外板敷设防护层可使流固耦合面冲击波冲量降低60%，外板和内板速度峰值分别降低88%和92%。防护层力学特性和内板支撑弹簧刚度对防护层抗冲效能影响较大，软防护层抗冲效能好，但压缩变形大；内板支撑强，则更利于防护层变形吸能。
To investigate the shock resistance capability of double-hulled vessels, a theoretical model of the impact dynamics of the water-filled double-hulled structure with elastic connection was established to simulate the response characteristics and flow field cavitation of the double-hulled ships under underwater explosion loads, and the effects of the protective layer installed on the hull and model parameter changes on the impact resistance of the double-hulled ships were analyzed. Based on the theory of compressible multiphase flow, isentropic cavitation flow, and plastic shock waves, a nonlinear impact dynamics model coupling the outer fluid, the outer plate with protective layer, the interboard water, interboard connection structure and inner plate is established. The impact of the plastic porous protective layer laid on the outer plate was studied, and the effects of the parameters of the protective layer, the stiffness of the jointed structure and the stiffness of the inner plate on the impact of the protective layer were analyzed. The results show that the shock wave impulse of the fluid-structure coupling surface can be reduced by 60%, and the peak velocity of the outer plate and the inner plate can be reduced by 88% and 92%, respectively. The mechanical properties of the protective layer and the stiffness of the inner plate support spring have a great influence on the impact performance of the protective layer, and the soft protective layer has a good impact performance, but the compression deformation is large. The inner plate support is strong, which is more conducive to the deformation and energy absorption of the protective layer.
2025,47(23): 26-35 收稿日期：2025-2-14
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.23.004
分类号：U663.1；O383+.1
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（11802180, 12202277, 52071150）；湖北省基金面上项目资助项目（2022CFB020）；船舶振动噪声重点实验室基金资助项目（JCKY2021207CI04）
作者简介：陈国彩(2003-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为冲击动力学
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