目前，传统浮式防波堤采用钢筋混凝土材质，当混凝土在外荷载作用下出现裂缝时，海洋环境下的钢筋存在锈蚀风险，严重影响结构的耐久性，而玄武岩纤维筋具有轻质高强、抗疲劳、耐腐蚀等特点。因此本文针对玄武岩混凝土组合结构浮式防波堤的失效模式展开试验研究。以1∶20相似比设计并制作4组玄武岩混凝土组合结构浮式防波堤模型，对其进行静载试验，观察其在不同荷载作用下的裂纹发展和极限承载来研究浮式防波堤的失效模式。试验结果表明，玄武岩筋对浮式防波堤的极限承载表现出负面效果，降幅超过30%，双层玄武岩纤维网格在极限承载力方面表现最优，且刚度优于传统钢筋混凝土结构。因此玄武岩混凝土组合结构在静载作用下的失效模式与玄武岩材料的应用形式相关。本文分析了玄武岩材料应用于浮式防波堤的可行性，并提出了优化设计建议，为玄武岩混凝土组合结构在浮式防波堤工程中的应用提供理论依据。
Currently, traditional floating breakwaters are constructed using reinforced concrete materials. When cracks develop in the concrete under external loads, the steel reinforcement in marine environments is at risk of corrosion, significantly compromising the durability of the structure. In contrast, basalt fiber reinforcement offers advantages such as lightweight, high strength, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance. Therefore, this paper conducts an experimental study on the failure modes of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) composite floating breakwater structures. Four groups of BFRC composite floating breakwater models were designed and fabricated at a 1∶20 scale ratio, and static load tests were performed to observe crack development and ultimate bearing capacity under different load conditions, thereby investigating the failure modes of the floating breakwaters. The experimental results indicate that basalt fiber reinforcement negatively affects the ultimate bearing capacity of the floating breakwater, reducing it by more than 30%. However, double-layer basalt fiber grids demonstrated the best performance in terms of ultimate bearing capacity, with superior stiffness compared to traditional reinforced concrete structures. Thus, the failure modes of BFRC composite structures under static loading are closely related to the application form of basalt materials. This paper analyzes the feasibility of applying basalt materials to floating breakwaters and proposes optimization design recommendations, providing a theoretical basis for the application of BFRC composite structures in floating breakwater engineering.
2025,47(23): 158-164 收稿日期：2025-3-17
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.23.025
分类号：U661.1
基金项目：国家自然科学基金重点项目（52331011）
作者简介：殷皓天(1999-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为浮式结构物结构性能
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