轴系作为船舶和潜艇的关键组件，工作时产生的低频噪声很难屏蔽，为研究其规律，对轴系横纵耦合振动的低频线谱进行研究。首先，将轴系简化为梁单元，基于梁单元建立刚度矩阵、质量矩阵；然后，使用有限单元法对轴系横纵耦合振动产生的低频线谱振动进行研究。结果表明，横纵耦合振动下会产生横纵激励频率组合下的振动响应，其中纵向振动响应频率主要有二倍横向激励频率和纵向激励频率之差、纵向激励频率和二倍横向激励频率3个频率，横向振动响应频率有横纵激励频率差、横向激励频率和横纵激励频率之和。激励频率、振幅、轴系的跨距和陀螺效应等都会对振动产生影响。
As a key component of ships and submarines, the shafting is difficult to shield the low-frequency noise generated during operation. In order to study the law of the shafting, the low-frequency line spectrum of the transverse and longitudinal coupling vibration of the shafting is studied. Firstly, the shaft system is simplified as a beam element, and the stiffness matrix and mass matrix are established based on the beam element. Then, the low-frequency line spectrum vibration produced by the transverse and longitudinal coupling vibration of the shaft system is studied by using the finite element method. The results show that the transverse and longitudinal coupling vibration will produce the vibration response under the transverse and longitudinal excitation frequency combination. The longitudinal vibration response frequency mainly includes three frequencies: the difference between the transverse excitation frequency and the longitudinal excitation frequency, the longitudinal excitation frequency and the double transverse excitation frequency. The transverse vibration response frequency includes the transverse and longitudinal excitation frequency difference, the transverse excitation frequency and the transverse and longitudinal excitation frequency sum. Additionally, factors such as excitation frequency, amplitude, shafting span, and gyroscopic effects were found to significantly influence the vibration.
2025,47(24): 37-44 收稿日期：2025-1-2
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.24.006
分类号：U662.2
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52241102）
作者简介：徐亚水(2000-),男,硕士,研究方向为轴系振动
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