随着船舶种类、数量、吨位的不断增长，三峡库区船舶通航时撞击桥梁的风险日益增大。为避免船舶撞击桥梁事故的发生，安装浮体式防撞装置是目前应用最广泛的保护手段。本文基于显式非线性基本理论，应用LS-DYNA有限元分析软件，对船舶-桥墩防撞浮箱的碰撞全过程进行仿真分析。结果表明，船舶与防撞浮箱碰撞后，撞击力表现出强非线性波动特征；船舶受到的最大作用力与撞击速度、船舶排水量呈正相关；船舶所受最大撞击力出现在碰撞的中后期，碰撞力始终在高位波动；桥墩所受最大撞击力出现在碰撞接触瞬间，当碰撞全过程结束后，迅速回落到较低水平波动；在相同载重量、相同撞击速度的工况下，防撞浮箱最大可降低桥墩所受76%的撞击力，表现出对浮箱的优良保护性能。研究结果可为船舶-浮箱防撞工程建设提供理论方法与经验。
With the continuous increase in the types, quantities, and tonnage of ships, the risk of collision with bridges during navigation in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is also increasing. To avoid collisions between ships and bridges, installing floating anti-collision devices is currently the most widely used protection method. This article is based on the basic theory of explicit nonlinear finite element and applies LS-DYNA finite element analysis software to conduct simulation analysis of the collision process between ships and bridge pier anti-collision floating boxes. The results show that after the collision between the ship and the anti-collision floating box, the impact force exhibits strong nonlinear fluctuation characteristics. The maximum force acting on a ship is positively correlated with the impact velocity and the ship's payload. The maximum impact force on the ship occurs in the middle and later stages of the collision, and the collision force always fluctuates at a high level. The maximum impact force on the bridge pier occurs at the moment of collision contact, and after the entire collision process is completed, it quickly drops back to a lower level of fluctuation. Under the working conditions of the same load capacity and impact speed, the anti-collision floating box can reduce the impact force on the bridge pier by up to 76%, demonstrating excellent protection performance for the floating box. The research results obtained can provide theoretical methods and experience for the construction of ship-floating box anti-collision projects.
2025,47(24): 57-61 收稿日期：2025-5-15
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.24.009
分类号：U663.2；O319.56
基金项目：重庆市杰出青年基金项目（CSTB2023NSCQ-JQX0001）；四川省软科学研究计划项目（2022JDR0358）
作者简介：颜洪斌(1968-),男,高级工程师,研究方向为船舶水动力性能、船舶结构物设计与制造
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