优化水下航行体运载器筒盖的承载和布置形式对提升运载器的安全性、稳定性和隐蔽性等具有重要影响。为此，本文提出一种滑动筒盖的优化设计并开展验证和研究。基于计算流体力学（CFD）方法，建立筒口气团作用下的筒盖承载计算模型，其结果与试验和经验公式给出的筒盖最大承载具有较好的一致性。研究结果表明，滑动筒盖高度在降低至h = -0.860时降载效果最好，其最大载荷降低了28.0%，最大反向载荷降低了29.0%，验证了该优化设计的有效性。需注意的是，在筒盖尚未完全远离筒口一定高度的条件下，例如h = -1.075时，筒口气团会提前在筒盖附近发生局部溃灭，增加筒盖承载。
Optimizing the bearing capacity and layout form of the canister cover plays an important role in improving the safety, stability, invisibility, and other performances of the underwater vehicle. In this paper, a sliding cover is considered and used for optimized design. The relevant verification and research are conducted. Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, a numerical model of the canister cover considering outlet cavity is established. The result of the maximum load shows good agreement with both a test and the empirical formula. The findings of the present research suggest that the load reduction of the sliding cover is significant when the height is lowered to h = -0.860, with the maximum load of the sliding cover reduced by 28% and the maximum reverse load reduced by 29%, verifying the effectiveness of the optimized design. It should be noted that when the canister cover is not yet fully away from the canister outlet (e.g., at h = -1.075), the outlet cavity will locally collapse in advance near the canister outlet, which increases the load on the canister cover.
2025,47(24): 175-180 收稿日期：2025-4-28
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.24.028
分类号：U661.1；TJ762.4
作者简介：赵禹(1997-),男,硕士,助理工程师,研究方向为水下发射技术
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