针对极端条件船舶航行时的砰击入水问题，本文提出一种基于GPU加速技术的三维光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）数值模型，以提升SPH方法在三维问题中的计算效率。相较于CPU并行计算，GPU加速技术使得计算效率提升约54倍，同时与商用CFD软件对比证明所建立数值模型的计算精度，也表明了SPH方法在捕捉自由液面飞溅破碎问题中的优势。在此基础上，本文针对船舶砰击入水问题开展系统性研究，结果表明，速度对于船舶出入水过程中纵荡运动的影响远大于质量的影响，在初始阶段（t<0.15 s），速度越大，横向砰击力越大，而垂向砰击力与之相反，船首入水深度也相对较小；当初始纵倾角较小时，船体受到的砰击力越小，船舶入水时更加安全。
In this paper, a 3D smooth particle fluid dynamics (SPH) numerical model based on GPU acceleration technology is proposed to improve the computational efficiency of the SPH method in 3D problems. Compared with CPU parallel computation, GPU acceleration technology can improve the computational efficiency by about 54 times. Meanwhile, the calculation accuracy of the numerical model established is proved by comparison with commercial CFD software, and the advantage of SPH method in capturing free liquid surface splashing and breaking problem is also demonstrated. On this basis, a systematic study on the problem of ship slamming into water is carried out in this paper. The results show that the influence of speed on the longitudinal oscillation motion of ships during the process of entering and exiting the water is much greater than that of mass. In the initial stage (t<0.15 s), the greater the speed, the greater the lateral impact force, while the vertical impact force is the opposite, and the depth of the ship's bow entering the water is relatively small; when the initial pitch angle is small, the impact force on the hull is smaller, making it safer for the ship to enter the water.
2026,48(1): 42-49 收稿日期：2025-4-14
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.01.006
分类号：U661
基金项目：江苏省自然科学基金资助项目（BK20251002）；江苏省优秀博士后人才资助计划（2024ZB524）；2024年度国家资助博士后研究人员计划C档资助项目（GZC20240618）
作者简介：陈鑫(1996-),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为海洋浮式结构物水动力学性能
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