针对浅海掩埋式光纤水听器阵列位置校准的工程需求实际，提出一种融合时延估计和遗传优化算法的三辅助源阵列位置有源校准方法。首先，利用位于阵列近场位置已知、分时工作的双辅助声源发射宽频带信号，借助经典时延估计获取阵列位置初始值；其次，利用位于阵列远场位置已知的单一辅助声源发射单频窄带信号，借助基于遗传算法和MUSIC算法的阵列位置寻优方法，通过全局最小化适应度函数迭代寻优，得到更为准确的阵列位置。仿真和海试结果表明，本文提出的方法较好克服了浅海环境单一阵列远场校准面临的水声信道强多途干扰及远距离声传播衰减导致的接收信噪比不足等问题，具有良好的校准精度、环境适应性和广阔的应用前景。
In response to the practical engineering requirements for position calibration of shallow-sea buried fiber-optic hydrophone arrays, this study proposes an active calibration method utilizing three auxiliary sources, which integrates time delay estimation and genetic optimization algorithms. Initially, broadband signals transmitted by dual auxiliary acoustic sources with known near-field positions operating in time-division multiplexing mode are employed to derive initial array position estimates through classical time delay estimation techniques. Subsequently, a single auxiliary acoustic source with known far-field position transmits narrowband single-frequency signals. The array position is further refined via an optimization-based approach combining genetic algorithm and MUSIC algorithm, achieving enhanced accuracy through iterative global minimization of a fitness function. Simulation and sea trial results demonstrate that the proposed methodology effectively mitigates challenges inherent in conventional far-field single-source calibration schemes under shallow-water environments, including severe multipath interference in underwater acoustic channels and insufficient received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) caused by long-range acoustic propagation attenuation. The method exhibits superior calibration accuracy, robust environmental adaptability, and promising application prospects in practical scenarios.
2026,48(1): 141-146 收稿日期：2025-3-27
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.01.020
分类号：U66；TB566
作者简介：马嘉君(1998-),女,硕士,研究方向为水声信号处理
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