本文研究空心轴螺旋桨对船舶推进性能的影响，分析其在提高推进效率方面的潜力。首先采用雷诺平均纳维–斯托克斯（RANS）方法对空心轴螺旋桨的敞水性能进行数值模拟。其次，从流场力学特性、尾部涡旋结构和整体流动特性等方面，比较分析空心轴与实心轴螺旋桨在工作状态下的差异，最后围绕空心轴内径的尺寸变化对推进性能的影响进行研究。结果表明，空心轴结构能够有效削弱螺旋桨毂后方的低压区域，同时减弱毂涡强度，有利于尾流动能的回收与再利用，从而提升整体推进效率。在所设定的参数范围内，当轴内径与螺旋桨直径之比d/D=0.232，且轴向来流速度VA=1 m/s时，空心轴螺旋桨推进效率提升约11.05%，推力提升约11%，显示出较显著的性能优化效果。研究结果为提升船舶推进装置的性能提供了新的思路与技术路径。
This study investigates the impact of hollow shaft propellers on ship propulsion performance and analyzes their potential in enhancing propulsion efficiency. Firstly, the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) method is employed to numerically simulate the open-water performance of the hollow shaft propeller. Subsequently, a comparative analysis is conducted between hollow and solid shaft propellers under working conditions, focusing on flow field characteristics, wake vortex structures, and overall flow behavior. Finally, the influence of varying hollow shaft inner diameters on propulsion performance is examined. The results indicate that the hollow shaft structure effectively weakens the low-pressure region behind the propeller hub and reduces hub vortex strength, thereby facilitating wake energy recovery and improving propulsion efficiency. Within the defined parameter range, when the ratio of shaft inner diameter to propeller diameter is d/D = 0.232 and the axial inflow velocity VA is 1 m/s, the hollow shaft propeller achieves an efficiency improvement of approximately 11.05% and a thrust increase of about 11%, demonstrating notable performance enhancement. These findings provide new insights and technical approaches for optimizing ship propulsion systems.
2026,48(2): 15-22 收稿日期：2025-5-5
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.02.003
分类号：U661
基金项目：山东省自然科学基金资助项目（ZR202112040200）
作者简介：张占斌(2001-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为船舶电动推进装置
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