屈曲是船舶结构设计中关键强度失效模式之一，尤其在通海排孔结构中，开孔效应显著影响结构的稳定性。本文通过有限元分析与理论公式修正，系统研究了开孔舷侧外板在总纵弯曲压应力及四边剪切作用下的屈曲行为。研究表明，开孔导致板格屈曲能力显著降低，最大变形集中于孔边应力集中区域；增设加强筋可显著提升屈曲强度，其临界应力值甚至超过未开孔且无加强筋的板格；现有规范未充分考虑开孔对名义平均应力的影响，需引入修正因子以改进计算方法。本研究可为通海排孔结构的屈曲校核提供理论依据与工程建议。
Buckling is one of the critical strength failure modes in ship structural design, particularly for sea chest where the effects of perforations significantly impact structural stability. This paper systematically investigates the buckling behavior of perforated sideshell plates under hull girder longitudinal compressive stress and four-edge shear through finite element analysis (FEA) and theoretical formula modification. The study reveals that: perforations notably reduce the buckling capacity of plate panels, with maximum deformation concentrated around the stress concentration areas near the holes; fitting with stiffeners can effectively enhance the buckling strength, sometimes surpassing that of unstiffened panels without perforations; current rules do not adequately account for the influence of perforations on nominal average stress, necessitating the introduction of correction factors to refine calculation methods. This research provides theoretical foundations and engineering recommendations for the buckling assessment of sea openings structures.
2026,48(2): 35-40 收稿日期：2025-3-26
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.02.006
分类号：U661.4
作者简介：潘滢(1980-),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为船舶结构规范技术
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