针对舰船设备在水下爆炸冲击下的安全性问题，本文基于1∶3缩比理论模型，建立了缩比双层底结构及设备模型，通过数值计算方法对舰船缩比结构和设备模型遭受水下爆炸时的动态响应进行研究，探讨刚性安装设备缩比设计时，实际缩比模型相比理论缩比模型在质心偏移、连接螺栓数量及刚性接触面设置对缩比设备冲击环境的影响规律。研究表明，缩比设备质心三向偏移1/4时，设备基础的加速度、速度及位移响应变化范围均小于4%，影响可忽略；缩比后设备连接螺栓数量2个时，加速度峰值降低了13.4%，建议缩比设备模型螺栓安装点数量不少于4个；接触面设置对缩比设备基础加速度响应影响显著，全约束工况加速度峰值较节点接触高283.5%，需选择合适的刚性设备接触设置模式。研究结果阐明了舰船刚性安装设备缩比设计时冲击环境的主要影响因素，为舰船缩比模型设计提供了借鉴作用。
Regarding the safety of shipboard equipment under underwater explosion shock, this study establishes a 1∶3 scaled double-bottom structure and equipment model based on theoretical scaling principles. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the dynamic responses of the scaled ship structure and equipment subjected to underwater explosions. The influence of deviations between practical and theoretical scaling models was systematically analyzed, focusing on three key factors in rigid-mounted equipment scaling design: center-of-mass offset, number of connecting bolts, and rigid contact surface configuration. The study reveals that three-dimensional deviations up to one-quarter of the scale caused less than 4% variation in acceleration, velocity, and displacement responses at the equipment foundation, demonstrating negligible effects. Reducing bolt numbers to two in the scaled model resulted in a 13.4% decrease in peak acceleration, prompting the recommendation to maintain at least four bolt installation points. Fully constrained contact configurations amplified peak acceleration by 283.5% compared to nodal contact conditions, emphasizing the criticality of appropriate rigid interface design. These findings clarify dominant factors influencing shock environments in scaled rigid-mounted equipment design, providing practical guidance for developing ship scale models with improved blast resistance.
2026,48(3): 1-7 收稿日期：2025-3-17
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.03.001
分类号：U661.4
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52201334）
作者简介：陈攀(1989-),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为舰船抗冲击
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