在极地航道利用加速、破冰需求上升的背景下，系统梳理国外极地破冰船技术发展具有重要工程与战略意义。本文介绍了国外极地破冰船的船体结构演变路径，分析了传统艏向破冰、新型双向破冰模式的核心机理及其与推进系统的关系，总结了船体线型、结构强度与动力系统在破冰能力形成中的协同作用，展望了动力系统、船体结构、破冰模式和任务模式将向系统化、智能化与低碳化方向发展，为我国未来破冰船设计提供参考。
In the context of accelerating Arctic route utilization and rising demand for icebreaking capabilities, systematically reviewing the development of foreign polar icebreaker technologies holds significant engineering and strategic value. This paper introduces the evolutionary trajectory of hull structures in foreign polar icebreakers, analyzes the core mechanisms of traditional bow-first icebreaking and the modern double-acting mode as well as their relationship with propulsion systems. In addition, the paper summarizes the synergistic roles of hull form, structural strength, and power systems in shaping icebreaking capability, and looks ahead to the development of the propulsion system, hull structure, icebreaking mode, and mission mode towards greater integration, intelligence, and low-carbon performance. The findings provide useful insights for the design of next-generation Chinese polar icebreakers.
2026,48(3): 23-30 收稿日期：2025-12-4
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.03.004
分类号：U674.21
基金项目：中央高校基本科研业务费项目（GK762026011574）
作者简介：张毅(1980-),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向为翻译学、区域国别学
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