为了研究燃烧室燃气流速及燃气密度对航行器水下运动特性的影响，同时为了探索水下航行器推进燃气的动态演变规律与水下汽化现象。基于多相流动网格仿真方法和Schnerr and sauer 空化模型，设置多种流速、不同密度的燃烧室燃气，仿真模拟燃气驱动水下航行器出水，研究燃气空泡的演变规律及航行器的受力特性。研究结果表明，燃烧室燃气流速与密度发生变化时，水下燃气空泡的演变规律均会经历膨胀、胀化、颈缩与回弹4个主要特征阶段，并且燃气空泡内存在激烈的汽液混合现象；水下航行器燃烧室燃气流速依次提升1.2倍、1.17倍、1.43倍，航行器合力依次提升了2倍、1.4倍、1.43倍。燃烧室燃气密度提升2倍，4种燃气流速下，航行器所受合力均提升了4倍。可以得出结论：水下航行器燃烧室燃气流速及密度是决定驱动效率的关键因素，且燃气密度的影响效果更明显，同时燃气泡在水下拥有固定演变规律。
In order to study the impact of combustion chamber gas flow velocity and gas density on the underwater motion characteristics of vehicles, and to explore the dynamic evolution of the propulsion gas of underwater vehicles and the phenomenon of underwater vaporization, a multiphase flow grid simulation method along with the Schnerr and Sauer cavitation model was utilized. Various gas flow velocities and densities were established in the combustion chamber to simulate the gas-driven emergence of underwater vehicles, focusing on the evolution of gas bubbles and the force characteristics acting on the vehicles. The research results indicate that as the combustion chamber gas flow velocity and density change, the evolution of underwater gas bubbles experiences four main characteristic stages: expansion, bulging, necking, and rebound, with intense gas-liquid mixing occurring within the gas bubbles. As the gas flow velocity in the combustion chamber of the underwater vehicle is increased by factors of 1.2, 1.17, and 1.43 respectively, the resultant force on the vehicle increases by factors of 2, 1.4, and 1.43 sequentially. When the gas density in the combustion chamber is doubled, the resultant force on the vehicle under four different gas flow velocities increases by four times. It can be concluded that the gas flow velocity and density in the combustion chamber of underwater vehicles are key factors determining driving efficiency, with the effect of gas density being more pronounced, while gas bubbles exhibit a fixed pattern of evolution underwater.
2026,48(3): 31-38 收稿日期：2025-6-10
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.03.005
分类号：U672；TJ63
作者简介：赵慧文(1993-),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为跨介质水下弹道技术
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