本文鉴于潜艇单人大深度逃生的需求，设计了一种可液压折叠的逃生装置样机。通过发射该装置入水实现其无动力上浮，从而实现艇员逃生。由于其入水时会受到急剧增大的水压力，因此对该装置受载时的应力状态和密封性进行研究以保障其上浮过程中的安全性。首先，通过水动力仿真得到100 m水深下的入水冲击压力曲线，同时分析结构在不同密封圈线径下的密封性能，最后将得到的水压力作为载荷输入对整体结构以及内部油压状态进行研究。分析表明，选取线径5.3 mm的密封圈可防止内部液压油的泄露，并且接触压力和剪切应力满足失效判定准则。在一倍外水压力的油压下，装置发射速度不能超过15 m/s；采取两倍外水压力的油压可使发射速度达到17 m/s；而三倍外水压力的油压设计不满足前期充压下的结构强度要求。
In view of the need for single-person escape from submarines, a prototype of a hydraulically foldable escape device was designed. The device is launched into water to achieve unpowered ascent, thereby enabling the escape of the crew. Due to the sharp increase in water pressure when it enters the water, the study of the loading stress state and sealing performance of the device can ensure its safety during the ascent process. Firstly, the water impact pressure curve at the depth of 100 m was obtained through hydrodynamic simulation. Meanwhile, the sealing performance of the structure under different wire diameters of sealing rings was analyzed. Finally, the obtained water pressure was used as the load input to study the overall structure and the internal oil pressure state. It is concluded that the sealing ring with a wire diameter of 5.3 mm can prevent the leakage of internal hydraulic oil, and the contact pressure and shear stress meet the failure criteria. Under the oil pressure of one time the water pressure, the transmission speed of the device cannot exceed 15 m/s. Adopting the oil pressure of twice the water pressure can make the transmission speed reach 17 m/s, while the oil pressure design of three times the water pressure does not meet the structural strength requirements under the initial pressurization.
2026,48(3): 39-45 收稿日期：2025-5-27
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.03.006
分类号：U664.131
作者简介：陈俊(1992-),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为舰船碰撞与结构设计优化
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