船舶超长轴系的重量和长度远大于常规轴系，工作中需承受更大载荷并消耗更多动力。为降低轴系重量、减少能耗并保证综合性能，本文探讨一种船舶超长轴系空径比的优化选取方法。通过建立船舶超长轴系有限元仿真模型，分析空径比与轴系重量、强度应力、振动特性、抗冲击性能之间的关系，基于多目标优化方法求解最优空径比。随着空径比增大，轴系的强度、振动和抗冲击性能均发生明显变化；通过外径修正，轴系综合性能显著提升，最终确定的最优空径比在满足强度与动态性能要求的同时，实现了轴系质量减重24.41%。本研究提出一种基于多目标优化的轴系空径比选取方法，为船舶超长轴系的轻量化设计提供理论参考和优化依据，有助于提升推进系统的能效与可靠性。
The weight and length of marine ultra-long shafts are significantly greater than those of conventional shafts, requiring them to withstand larger loads and consume more power during operation. To reduce shaft weight, lower energy consumption, and ensure comprehensive performance, this paper explores an optimization method for selecting the hollow ratio of marine ultra-long shafts. A finite element simulation model of the marine ultra-long shaft was established to analyze the relationships between the hollow ratio and shaft weight, strength stress, vibration characteristics, and impact resistance. Based on multi-objective optimization methods, the optimal hollow ratio was determined. The results show that as the hollow ratio increases, the strength, vibration, and impact resistance of the shaft exhibit significant changes. With the correction of the outer diameter, the overall performance of the shaft is significantly improved. The final optimal hollow ratio meets the strength and dynamic performance requirements while achieving a 24.41% reduction in shaft mass. This paper proposes a hollow ratio selection method for marine ultra-long shafts based on multi-objective optimization, providing theoretical reference and optimization guidance for lightweight design, which contributes to improving the energy efficiency and reliability of propulsion systems.
2026,48(3): 99-107 收稿日期：2025-5-27
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.03.016
分类号：U664.21
作者简介：周建辉(1974-),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为船舶轴系工程及仿真
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