舰船配电系统的安全稳定运行至关重要。本文阐述了包含发电设备、配电网络、保护装置和用电负载的舰船配电系统架构，基于Modelica建模方法实现了柴油发电机组、母线电缆、断路器、熔断器及各类负载的建模与系统集成。针对非线性负载，分析了整流器等设备电流非正弦化及谐波产生机理，通过仿真获得输入电流波形与频谱分布，明确谐波对电能质量的影响；针对冲击性负载，利用模型揭示其瞬时功率突变导致电压骤降的特性，仿真呈现冲击性负载电压波形及舰船配电电网受冲击后的电压骤降、回升超调等动态响应。最后提出抑制谐波及综合优化的策略，为提升舰船配电系统在特殊工况下的可靠性与稳定性提供理论与实践支持。
The safe and stable operation of the ship power distribution system is essential. This paper expounds the architecture of the ship power distribution system including power generation equipment, power distribution network, protection devices and power consumption loads. Based on the Modelica modeling method, the modeling and system integration of diesel generator sets, busbar cables, circuit breakers, fuses and various loads are realized. For nonlinear loads, the non-sinusoidal current and harmonic generation mechanism of equipment such as rectifiers were analyzed. The input current waveform and spectral distribution were obtained through simulation, and the influence of harmonics on power quality was clarified. For the impact load, the model is used to reveal the characteristics of voltage sag caused by the sudden change of instantaneous power. The simulation presents the voltage waveform of the impact load and the dynamic responses such as voltage sag and overshoot after the ship′s distribution grid is impacted. Finally, strategies for suppressing harmonics and comprehensive optimization are proposed to provide theoretical and practical support for improving the reliability and stability of the ship′s power distribution system under special working conditions.
2026,48(3): 108-112 收稿日期：2025-1-13
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.03.017
分类号：U667.65
基金项目：河北省教育厅科学研究项目（QN2024032）；沧州市重点研发计划指导项目（23244101037）
作者简介：石佩玉(1986-),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向为船舶电气工程及其自动化
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