针对三维水下无线传感器网络在复杂海洋环境中存在的节点分布不均、覆盖率低等问题，提出一种考虑空间势场调控机制的三维水下蜘蛛部署算法（3D Spider Deployment with Spatial Potential Field, 3D-SPF）。该算法融合Tent混沌映射方法生成初始结构，避免节点聚集效应，构建动态参数与边界约束机制以增强海洋扰动下的稳定性，同时引入基于Halton序列的准蒙特卡洛低方差覆盖率评估模型。算法引入空间势场调控因子，有效改善了节点间的均匀分布，提升了网络的稳定性与覆盖效率。仿真实验结果表明，该算法在复杂水域条件下可实现最高98.98%的覆盖率，部署效果优于粒子群优化算法（Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO）和蚁群优化算法（Ant Colony Optimization, ACO）。研究成果为三维水下传感器网络的智能化部署与高效覆盖提供了新思路和实用模型。
Addressing the issues of uneven node distribution and low coverage in complex marine environments faced by three-dimensional underwater wireless sensor networks, a three-dimensional underwater spider deployment algorithm incorporating a spatial potential field regulation mechanism (3D Spider Deployment with Spatial Potential Field, 3D-SPF) is proposed. This algorithm integrates the Tent chaotic mapping method to generate an initial structure, avoiding node clustering effects. It constructs a dynamic parameter and boundary constraint mechanism to enhance stability under marine disturbances, and introduces a quasi-Monte Carlo low-variance coverage evaluation model based on Halton sequences. The algorithm incorporates a spatial potential field regulation factor, effectively improving the uniform distribution of nodes and enhancing the stability and coverage efficiency of the network. Simulation experimental results show that the algorithm can achieve a maximum coverage rate of 98.98% under complex water conditions, with deployment performance superior to that of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The research findings provide new ideas and practical models for the intelligent deployment and efficient coverage of three-dimensional underwater sensor networks.
2026,48(3): 113-120 收稿日期：2025-6-3
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.03.018
分类号：U66；TN929.3
基金项目：浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”科技计划项目（2023C02029）；浙江海洋大学大学生学科竞赛专项经费（船运）（14031062718）；浙江海洋大学研究生A类学科竞赛培育项目：中国研究生人工智能创新大赛（1118106412405）
作者简介：郭越(2002-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为水下传感器网络
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