水下无线光通信因高速率、灵巧、低能耗等特点，恰好可以满足水下高速率通信的需求，与其他通信形式形成互补，为海洋开发、海洋环境检测和国家安全作出贡献。然而，光在海水介质中传播时不可避免地会产生衰减，而且在不同水质情况下，光的衰减也会不同。因此，本文通过蒙特卡洛模拟方法，将光束转换为光子流，模拟了初始发射光子为109个488 nm光子在不同海洋水体的吸收衰减情况，结果发现当接收孔径无穷大时，Jerlov第Ⅰ类水体的情况下，光信号能传播到390 m，接收孔径为10 cm时，光信号能传播到331 m，当加入视场角限制后，488 nm的光信号依然能传播到331 m。研究表明，光通信在清澈的大洋海水中能实现百米级高速通信，同时能有较强的指向性，这为水下光通信在船舶工业的应用提供理论依据。
Underwater wireless optical communication, characterized by a high data rate, flexibility, low energy consumption, and other advantages, can precisely meet the requirements of high-speed underwater communication. It complements other communication forms and contributes to ocean development, marine environmental monitoring, and national security. However, when light propagates in a seawater medium, attenuation is inevitable, and the degree of light attenuation varies under different water quality conditions. Therefore, in this paper, based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the light beam is converted into a photon stream to simulate the absorption and attenuation of 10^9 488 nm photons emitted initially in different ocean water bodies. The results show that with an infinite receiving aperture, the optical signal can propagate to 390 m in Jerlov's Type I water; with a 10 cm receiving aperture, the optical signal can propagate to 331 m. After introducing the limitation of the field of view angle, the 488 nm optical signal can still propagate to 331 m. This research indicates that optical communication can achieve high-speed communication at the hundred-meter level in clear ocean seawater and has strong directivity simultaneously. It provides a theoretical basis for the application of underwater optical communication in the shipbuilding industry.
2026,48(3): 121-126 收稿日期：2025-4-21
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.03.019
分类号：U665
作者简介：李光明(1975-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为通信系统使用和保障
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