针对钛合金椭球封头结构的静强度与承载能力问题，结合理论计算、数值仿真和模型试验3种方法展开研究。设计并研制实物模型1只，基于理论公式与数值计算，获得椭球膜应力和临界失稳压力，进而通过模型试验验证理论和数值方法的适用性。结果对比表明，将椭球等效为球壳，并基于球壳理论开展强度和极限承载能力评估的简化处理方法，膜应力的计算结果与数值、试验结果的一致性良好，但临界失稳压力的计算结果偏保守；采用数值方法的直接计算可有效反映椭球结构的应力状态和极限承载能力。研究结论可为椭球结构的设计、计算和评估提供参考依据。
Aiming at the static strength and load-bearing capacity of titanium alloy ellipsoidal head structures, the research was carried out by combining theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and model test. One physical model was designed and developed. Based on theoretical formulas and numerical calculation, the membrane stress of the ellipsoidal shell and the critical instability pressure were obtained, and then the applicability of the theoretical and numerical methods was verified through model tests. The comparison results show that when the ellipsoid is equivalent to a spherical shell and the membrane stress is calculated based on the spherical shell theory, the theoretical results are in good agreement with the numerical and test results. However, when evaluating the load-bearing capacity, the theoretical calculation results are conservative. The numerical results can effectively reflect the stress state and ultimate load-bearing capacity of the ellipsoidal structure. The research conclusions can provide reference basis for the design, calculation and evaluation of ellipsoidal structures.
2026,48(4): 7-11 收稿日期：2025-6-18
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.04.002
分类号：U674.941
作者简介：谢晓忠(1988-),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为水下工程结构强度与稳定性
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