为揭示鲣鱼尾鳍高效推进的水动力学机理，通过双向流固耦合数值模拟方法开展仿生鲣鱼尾鳍水动力特性研究。研究分析了不同摆动角度、频率及结构特征对尾鳍瞬时推力、平均推力、推进效率和流场特性的影响规律。结果表明，尾鳍的摆角幅度在25°～30°时，可以有效提高推进力，但超过30°时推进力提升不显著并且瞬时侧向力的峰值与谷值差异更明显，曲线震荡更剧烈，导致稳定性下降。摆动频率在0.8～1 Hz范围内柔性尾鳍游动效率最优。变厚度柔性尾鳍与等厚度柔性尾鳍相比，具有更好的推进性能，满足了真实意义上的鱼类尾鳍构造特点。研究结果可为仿生鲣鱼尾鳍的结构设计与运动控制提供实验依据。
To reveal the hydrodynamic mechanism of efficient propulsion of mackerel tail fins, a study on the hydrodynamic characteristics of biomimetic skipjack tail fins was conducted through bidirectional fluid structure coupling numerical simulation method. The study analyzed the influence of different swing angles, frequencies, and structural characteristics on the instantaneous thrust, average thrust, propulsion efficiency, and flow field characteristics of the tail fin.The results showed that when the swing angle amplitude of the tail fin was between 25° and 30°, it could effectively improve the thrust force. However, when the swing angle amplitude exceeded 30°, the thrust force improvement was not significant and the difference between the peak and valley values of instantaneous lateral was more obvious. The curve oscillation was more severe, leading to a decrease in stability. The optimal efficiency of flexible caudal fin swimming is within the frequency range of 0.8～1 Hz. Compared with equally thick flexible tail fins, variable tail fins have better propulsion performance and meet the structural characteristics of fish tail fins in the real sense. The research results provide experimental basis for the structural design and motion control of biomimetic skipjack tail fins.
2026,48(4): 27-34 收稿日期：2025-6-18
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.04.005
分类号：U674.99
作者简介：张禹(1970-),男,教授,研究方向为水下机器人技术、定位及智能控制
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