针对等效氢消耗最小策略（Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy，ECMS）依赖经验设定等效因子而无法保障燃料电池船舶航行的经济性问题，本文提出一种自适应等效氢消耗最小策略（Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy，A-ECMS）。首先，明确燃料电池、锂电池以及超级电容组成的混合电力推进系统；其次，根据船舶全航程的工况，引入基于小波变换的动态规划（Dynamic Programming，DP）算法求解全局离线最优解，并作为训练样本集，通过自适应神经模糊推理系统实现对等效因子的优化，从而改善航行经济性。最后，全航程的仿真结果表明，相比于ECMS，A-ECMS氢气消耗量下降了12.87%，且起止时刻的锂电池电荷状态（State of Charge，SOC）变化仅为0.99%，其SOC变化趋势与DP算法相对一致。这说明选用A-ECMS将有益于减小系统的氢消耗量。
An adaptive-equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) was proposed to address the economic problems of fuel cell ships caused by the equivalent factors empirically set in conventional equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). The hybrid electric propulsion system was supposed to consist of a fuel cell, a lithium battery and a super capacitor. The global offline optimal solution, which was determined by introducing a wavelet transform-enhanced dynamic programming (DP) algorithm as per full-voyage operating conditions of the ship, was employed as training datasets for an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to optimize equivalent factors and accordingly increase voyage economy. Results show that, in comparing with those resulted by the ECMS, employing A-ECMS brought about 12.87% decrement in hydrogen consumption, which only resulted in about 0.99% fluctuation on the State of Charge (SOC) of the lithium battery during its initial and terminal states. Meanwhile, results also reveal that the variation tendency of the SOC is much similar to that determined by the DP algorithm. It suggests that employing A-ECMS is beneficial to decreasing the hydrogen consumption of the system.
2026,48(4): 70-75 收稿日期：2025-6-10
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.04.011
分类号：U671.99
基金项目：福建省自然科学基金资助项目（2020J05139）
作者简介：朱子文(1991-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为燃料电池与船舶电力推进
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