脉冲负载常伴随瞬时高功率需求，虽然大容量双三相永磁同步发电机可满足其供电要求，但高容量配置总导致系统经济性下降。为兼顾系统的经济性，本文将蓄电池与超级电容构成的储能系统与双三相永磁同步发电机结合，构成混合动力系统，在保障供电能力的同时提升整体经济性。针对该系统，研究阶跃负载与脉冲负载工况下直流母线电压的稳定性，为该系统在混合动力船舶的应用及船舶能量管理方法的设计奠定基础。为实现能量优化与节能目标，进一步提出一种结合蛇优化算法求解的非线性模型预测控制能量管理方法，动态调节发电机输出功率及储能单元的充放电行为，以最小化总燃油消耗为优化目标，实现高效的能量管理控制。最后，以混合动力船舶为应用场景，基于Matlab/Simulink搭建仿真模型，验证所提方法的有效性。仿真结果表明，该方法可有效降低油耗并显著提升系统经济性与稳定性。
Pulse loads are typically characterized by sudden high power demands. Although high-capacity dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous generators can meet such demands, their large size often results in increased system costs. To balance performance and economy, this paper combines a battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system with a dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator to form a hybrid power system, enhancing overall system efficiency while ensuring reliable power supply. The stability of the DC bus voltage under step and pulse load conditions is investigated for the proposed system, laying a foundation for its application in hybrid electric ships and the design of corresponding energy management strategies. To optimize energy usage and reduce fuel consumption, a nonlinear model predictive control strategy is developed, using the snake optimization algorithm to solve for optimal control actions. This approach enables dynamic adjustment of generator output and the charge/discharge behavior of energy storage units, with the objective of minimizing total fuel consumption. A hybrid-powered ship is taken as a case study, and a simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink to validate the proposed strategy. Simulation results demonstrate that the method effectively reduces fuel usage and significantly improves system economy and stability.
2026,48(4): 97-105 收稿日期：2025-6-19
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.04.015
分类号：U676.3
作者简介：王正齐(1984-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为柔性配电、电力传动和微电网控制
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