本文为探究海风气扰下喷嘴外流场变化情况，提高船舶表面喷涂作业质量，采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法，以圆锥收敛型喷嘴为例，探究了不同气扰风速、不同射流压力、不同靶面距离以及不同喷嘴口径在海风气扰环境下对喷涂作业的影响，并对所得结果进行了对比分析。研究表明，在海风气扰环境下，喷嘴口径为0.4 mm、射流压力为0.5 MPa、靶距在15～20 mm时的喷涂效果最佳；随着风速的增大，喷嘴射流形态的变形也逐渐增大，在风速达到5级时，不能保证射流正常冲击靶面，已无法保证喷涂质量。该数值研究为在海风气扰环境下提高船舶喷涂质量、降低船舶涂装成本提供参考依据。
To investigate the flow field characteristics of a nozzle under crosswind conditions and improve the quality of ship surface spraying, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was employed. Using a conical convergent nozzle as an example, the effects of crosswind speed, jet pressure, standoff distance, and nozzle diameter on spraying performance were studied. The results indicate that under marine wind interference, the optimal spraying quality is achieved with a nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm, a jet pressure of 0.5 MPa, and a standoff distance between 15 mm and 20 mm. As wind speed increases, the jet deformation becomes more significant. When the wind reaches Level 5, the jet can no longer properly impact the target surface, resulting in unacceptable coating quality. This numerical study provides a reference for improving spray coating efficiency and reducing costs in ship painting under windy marine conditions.
2026,48(7): 43-48 收稿日期：2025-7-24
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.07.008
分类号：U671.9
基金项目：2023年辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目（JYTMS20230472）
作者简介：衣正尧(1983-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为船舶智能制造及机器人技术
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