当前物联网、大数据、人工智能、数字孪生、机器人等新一代信息技术正在赋能船舶总装制造业，推动船舶总装建造向数字化、自动化、网络化和智能化转型，但船舶总装制造业不同于汽车等制造业，具有工艺流程复杂、中间产品及非标件数量巨多、物理尺寸差异巨大、建造周期长、多品种小批量等特点，一定程度上影响了船舶工业的数字化、智能化转型升级。本文详细分析了各主要造船强国在船舶工业领域的顶层战略政策，研究了国内外典型造船企业的数字化、智能化制造能力建设现状，剖析了智能制造技术在船舶总装制造领域应用和船舶制造业转型升级过程中存在的主要问题以及先进成功经验，结合数字化、智能化、网络化等技术的发展现状，为我国船舶总装智能制造能力建设提供参考支撑。
At present emerging information technologies-such as the Internet of Things, big data analytics, artificial intelligence, digital twin systems, and robotics-are empowering the ship general assembly industry, accelerating its transition from traditional labor-intensive practices to digitalized, automated, networked, and intelligent paradigms.However, the ship general assembly industry differs significantly from sectors like automotive manufacturing due to its inherent complexities: intricate process flows, a vast number of intermediate products and non-standard components, substantial variations in physical dimensions, prolonged construction cycles, and high-variety, low-volume production characteristics. These factors collectively impose constraints on the digital and intelligent transformation of the shipbuilding industry.This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the top-level strategic policies adopted by leading shipbuilding nations in the maritime industry. It investigates the current status of digital and intelligent manufacturing capabilities among representative domestic and international shipbuilding enterprises. Furthermore, the study critically examines the key challenges and successful practices in implementing intelligent manufacturing technologies within ship general assembly and the broader industrial transformation process. By synthesizing the developmental trends of digitalization, intelligence, and networking technologies, this research aims to provide actionable insights and strategic references for advancing intelligent manufacturing capabilities in China's ship general assembly sector.
2026,48(7): 149-156 收稿日期：2025-5-26
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.07.024
分类号：U671
作者简介：闫文敏(1985-),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为船舶与海洋工程
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