舰船应急演练需高保真还原、多风险场景复现及高效性，虚拟仿真建模技术具备高保真三维建模能力，可突破物理条件制约，实现多风险场景可重复沉浸式演练。因此，开展基于虚拟仿真的舰船应急演练技术应用与路径优化研究。结合3ds Max与Unity 3D构建包含虚拟人（Virtual Human）、舰船及火灾应急场景的全要素三维精细化模型；用元胞自动机和粒子系统对火焰实施蔓延动态仿真及火焰与烟雾可视化；运用融合改进A*算法与导航网格的路径搜索方法，引入操控行为算法驱动虚拟人运动，实现疏散漫游路径智能优化。结果表明，该技术可构建逼真清晰的高保真全要素三维模型，搜索出有效避障的疏散漫游路径，路径搜索用时控制在25 ms以内，能满足舰船应急演练需求。
Ship emergency drills require high-fidelity restoration, multi-risk scenario reproduction, and high efficiency. Virtual simulation modeling technology possesses high-fidelity 3D modeling capabilities, enabling it to break through physical constraints and achieve repeatable and immersive drills in multi-risk scenarios. Therefore, a study on the application and path optimization of virtual simulation-based ship emergency drill technology is carried out. By integrating 3ds Max and Unity 3D, a full-element 3D refined model is constructed, encompassing virtual humans (Virtual Human), ships, and fire emergency scenarios. The cellular automaton and particle system are employed to conduct dynamic simulation of flame spread and visualize fire smoke. A path search method that combines an improved A* algorithm with navigation meshes is utilized, and a control behavior algorithm is introduced to drive the movement of virtual humans, thereby achieving intelligent optimization of evacuation and roaming paths. The results demonstrate that this technology can construct realistic and clear high-fidelity full-element 3D models, search for evacuation and roaming paths that effectively avoid obstacles, and keep the path search time within 25 ms, meeting the requirements of ship emergency drills.
2026,48(7): 157-160 收稿日期：2025-9-21
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.07.025
分类号：U666
作者简介：黄宝玉(1982-),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向为数字媒体技术及数字影像技术
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