船冰碰撞模型试验的准确性高度依赖于模型冰力学特性的相似性。为指导模型冰的合理选择，本文以船冰碰撞中主导的压缩破坏模式为背景，系统开展了淡水冰与盐水冰在–10℃～–30℃温度、6.944×10-6～6.944×10-2s-1应变率范围内的单轴压缩试验，获取两类冰的应力-应变曲线、压缩强度及破坏模式。结果显示，淡水冰与盐水冰的压缩强度随应变率的增大，均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势；随着温度逐渐降低，两者的压缩强度进一步增加，且韧脆转变点向低应变率方向迁移；相较于低应变速率下温度对压缩强度的影响，高应变速率下，压缩强度对温度的敏感性明显减弱；在同一条件下，淡水冰的压缩强度显著高于盐水冰。本研究量化了两类冰的强度差异，为船冰碰撞模型试验中依据缩尺比和试验条件选择淡水冰或盐水冰提供了直接的数据支撑。
The accuracy of ship-ice collision model tests is highly dependent on the similarity of mechanical properties of model ice.To guide the rational selection of model ice,this paper systematically conducted uniaxial compression tests on fresh water ice and salt water ice in the temperature range of -10℃ to -30℃ and strain rate range of 6.944×10-6 to 6.944×10-2 s-1,obtaining the stress-strain curves, compressive strengths and failure modes of the two types of ice.The results show that the compressive strengths of both fresh water ice and salt water ice increase first and then decrease with the increase of strain rate;as the temperature gradually decreases,the compressive strengths of both further increase,and the ductile-brittle transition point shifts to the low strain rate direction;compared with the influence of temperature on compressive strength at low strain rates,the sensitivity of compressive strength to temperature at high strain rates is significantly weakened;under the same conditions,the compressive strength of fresh water ice is significantly higher than that of salt water ice.This study quantifies the strength differences between the two types of ice,providing direct data support for the selection of fresh water ice or salt water ice in ship-ice collision model tests based on the scale ratio and test conditions.
2026,48(8): 8-13 收稿日期：2025-8-5
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2026.08.002
分类号：U663
作者简介：张健(1977-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为船舶与海洋工程结构强度评估
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