本文针对船舶轴套与螺旋桨轴由于过盈联接产生的应力集中问题，以降低轴套内表面最大应力为目标，提出一种卸荷槽优化设计方法。该方法在确定卸荷效果评价指标的基础上，以卸荷槽的半径、深度、卸荷槽圆心到轴套内径端点的距离三者作为优化设计变量，通过COMSOL Multiphysics与Matlab联合仿真，使用遗传模拟退火算法对卸荷槽尺寸进行优化，以此建立了一套系统的优化方法，并运用此优化设计方法分析实际案例。案例研究结果表明，优化后的轴套内表面最大应力与不开槽时相比，其应力值下降了4.53%，卸荷效果得到改善，优化效果显著。该优化设计方法可为其他卸荷槽设计提供参考。
This article proposes an optimized design method for unloading slots to reduce the maximum stress on the inner surface of ship shaft sleeves and propeller shafts due to interference fit connection, with the goal of reducing stress concentration. On the basis of determining the evaluation indicators of unloading effect, this method takes the radius, depth, and distance from the center of the unloading groove to the inner diameter endpoint of the shaft sleeve as optimization design variables. Through joint simulation of COMSOL Multiphysics and Matlab, the genetic simulated annealing algorithm is used to optimize the size of the unloading groove, and a systematic optimization method is established. This optimization design method is applied to analyze actual cases. The results of the case study indicate that the maximum stress on the inner surface of the optimized shaft sleeve has decreased by 4.53% compared to the non slotted state, and the unloading effect has been improved. The optimization effect is significant. This optimization design method can provide reference for the design of other unloading slots.
2025,47(13): 90-94 收稿日期：2024-9-20
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.13.016
分类号：U662
基金项目：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目（U2341284）
作者简介：肖志航(2001-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为轮机结构优化
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