针对船舶航行环境复杂，电机速度控制时容易受到干扰，导致超调过高的问题，研究船舶无刷直流电机速度模糊PID控制算法。构建无刷直流电机数学模型，选取模糊PID控制算法对电机定子绕组电压执行脉冲宽度调制斩波控制，调节电机转速。利用PID控制器的比例、积分与微分控制环节，在电机速度偏差增大时，引入速度修正信号修正误差。利用模糊逻辑调节PID控制参数，设置电机速度误差及其变化率，以及PID控制参数的修正量，分别作为模糊逻辑算法的输入与输出变量。利用模糊逻辑算法制定模糊控制规则，确定最优的PID控制参数，使电机速度快速达到期望速度值。结果表明，该方法能够快速跟随期望速度值，转速控制超调较小，电压与电流信号均未出现明显波动。
In response to the complex navigation environment of ships and the susceptibility of motor speed control to interference, resulting in excessive overshoot, a fuzzy PID control algorithm for brushless DC motor speed in ships is studied. Construct a mathematical model of brushless DC motor, select fuzzy PID control algorithm to perform pulse width modulation chopper control on the stator winding voltage of the motor, and adjust the motor speed. By utilizing the proportional, integral, and derivative control components of the PID controller, a speed correction signal is introduced to correct the error when the motor speed deviation increases. Using fuzzy logic to adjust PID control parameters, setting the motor speed error and its rate of change, as well as the correction amount of PID control parameters, as input and output variables for the fuzzy logic algorithm. Using fuzzy logic algorithms to formulate fuzzy control rules, determine the optimal PID control parameters, and quickly achieve the desired speed value of the motor. The experimental results show that this method can quickly follow the expected speed value, with minimal overshoot in speed control and no significant fluctuations in voltage and current signals.
2025,47(13): 157-161 收稿日期：2024-8-9
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.13.027
分类号：TP391
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（61761049）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（61261022）
作者简介：杨光永(1970-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为算法设计、信息处理、智能控制
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